tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48447648950075640222024-02-02T08:16:31.953-08:00Astro Maven<b>Astro Maven Blog</b>
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Blog of Rick Boozer, astrophysicist
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On Twitter: rboozer
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Also on Facebook and LinkedInRick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.comBlogger57125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-47514300256981560242018-06-26T07:04:00.001-07:002018-06-26T07:04:30.408-07:00Apollo 8 Launch Emulator App for Android Phones and TabletsNow available in the Google Play Store, Apollo 8 Launch Emulator. My first published app for Android devices and you can have it free of charge! I created it in honor of the 50th anniversary of humankind’s first flight to another world. Just download the app and run it. Then, manually enter instructions into the legendary Apollo Guidance Computer or watch the computer’s output as though you were riding the Apollo 8 spacecraft atop the mighty Saturn V rocket from launch to the parking orbit that set it on its way to the Moon. For extensive info on the app and/or to download your copy, search for Apollo 8 in the Google Play Store.<br />
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FUN TIP: You can sync the launch emulation in this app to a video of the actual launch. The app will tell you about important events during the flight (as they occur) that not even the commentators on the video will mention.<br />
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For those of you who don’t own an Android phone or Android tablet, there is a way you can run the app on a PC or Mac. However, there are some extra steps you must take. Download the free NOX virtual Android device creator at: bignox dot com (I spelled it out because many forums frown on posting links to download sites). You should set up your virtual android device with at least 2 GB of RAM. Once you get the device running, you will need to set up an account in the Google Play Store, then you can download and run any app that is available in the store! Before you run Apollo 8 Launch Emulator, you will first need to get Google Play Services from the app store and install it. After that, you should have no trouble downloading and running my emulator.<br />
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Right now, the app is only available in the U.S., Canada and Australia.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8f7Y0qil97OEi4R2P9K7vuRXoY0Q0MtHtjCBHXS4TPrhQ_4pSiFnya-IAfB43iChv-TuIRiftbguO24dW2qtNbwxhuE-wP5fwcGDfP6L6sfLoZ2gf8lAtZ-TrCekJq0lDbR2XcM4sEAM/s1600/Splash.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="980" data-original-width="565" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8f7Y0qil97OEi4R2P9K7vuRXoY0Q0MtHtjCBHXS4TPrhQ_4pSiFnya-IAfB43iChv-TuIRiftbguO24dW2qtNbwxhuE-wP5fwcGDfP6L6sfLoZ2gf8lAtZ-TrCekJq0lDbR2XcM4sEAM/s320/Splash.png" width="184" /></a></div>
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Photo of Apollo 8 launch (image credit NASA)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgihHDTMnCckJ0_oYbsSfx5TECVBrARK2Au2tpeoyLVvoOeyyU5Y0d4kAdyqcpJRlhZZXx-uAyA2jNcb4bCQWLu_cKHL5EbhYVnWX0Jk2F_kItOzV-YX5BV0V4UY83QrT3G5ZRyFYOijN0/s1600/Parking+orbit.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="897" data-original-width="574" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgihHDTMnCckJ0_oYbsSfx5TECVBrARK2Au2tpeoyLVvoOeyyU5Y0d4kAdyqcpJRlhZZXx-uAyA2jNcb4bCQWLu_cKHL5EbhYVnWX0Jk2F_kItOzV-YX5BV0V4UY83QrT3G5ZRyFYOijN0/s320/Parking+orbit.png" width="204" /></a></div>
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Image from emulated Apollo Guidance Computer</div>
<br />Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-69425661281388594272017-09-08T16:52:00.000-07:002017-09-08T17:03:57.308-07:00Video shot by drone during August 21, 2017 solar eclipseDrone video from the eclipse event that I hosted at the Anderson Jockey Lot. The couple waving at the drone in the beginning are Julie (my wife) and I. Click the link below to see the video.<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQtz9kssAjk&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQtz9kssAjk&feature=youtu.be</a><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxfAY8ZJpjLWowTNGyy7gQH7sWQnzo0Xx8u4fNI3QZY9O_YRBwIzmBDYgschhgp8aP4AN0EgoM6iMtPmL47LfxdwYmFOLZZw08sp03MweZ33s58SQl9admmp2Lh83I5rqcbjldgJfB5Qo/s640/Drone+video+2.jpg" width="640" /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQtz9kssAjk&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank">Drone video from Anderson Jockey Lot during total solar eclipse</a></div>
<br />Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-60387828279931081342017-08-25T11:21:00.000-07:002017-08-25T11:23:18.349-07:00Video of the Total Solar Eclipse at Anderson Jockey LotBob Ross shot this video of the total eclipse on August 21, 2017 at the event I emceed at Anderson Jockey Lot.<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiKnEHUgmW0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiKnEHUgmW0</a>Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-90539863794985339842017-08-22T08:02:00.000-07:002017-08-22T08:19:32.904-07:00Eclipse photos shot at Anderson Jockey Lot on August 21, 2017Photos below all shot by Ivan Moreno during the eclipse event I hosted.<br />
Here's one that plainly shows the magnetic field lines in the Sun's outer atmosphere called the corona.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQJkrzzMgVyVFN4YoGyCrQD7CdfBf8EYClA-iBkXVlo4ET_99IBpgwO8YgHezFvilj0J4I3K9yp7CjzLyIt7bSBkt8srLbfQhlQnC5ASIrraPTMImjxhHz7ja0SSQj0wMCJ5lj1febwq4/s1600/V__CFD2%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1080" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQJkrzzMgVyVFN4YoGyCrQD7CdfBf8EYClA-iBkXVlo4ET_99IBpgwO8YgHezFvilj0J4I3K9yp7CjzLyIt7bSBkt8srLbfQhlQnC5ASIrraPTMImjxhHz7ja0SSQj0wMCJ5lj1febwq4/s640/V__CFD2%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Next, the diamond ring effect just after full totality!<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcVAXmAwrNk0pMIyvRDwyF3WjcNPaIk8KShsc9v9oPVnWBA9kdtwADFPchrp9NCDJuVQ64CnZVUxabh1fVXffxFLesvSysPklWmrS10SczZP50thpy3Gu6g_J7n-a3qHKUxXfW32DzMwQ/s1600/V__A296.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1080" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcVAXmAwrNk0pMIyvRDwyF3WjcNPaIk8KShsc9v9oPVnWBA9kdtwADFPchrp9NCDJuVQ64CnZVUxabh1fVXffxFLesvSysPklWmrS10SczZP50thpy3Gu6g_J7n-a3qHKUxXfW32DzMwQ/s640/V__A296.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-33031884244481150882017-08-10T09:54:00.000-07:002017-08-10T15:47:46.888-07:00NASA Eclipse Maps Are In Error as much as One-half Mile!<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Simple steps</b><b> to get more precise info about the upcoming solar eclipse.</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRrZZyHiHc9CJJyVOpSNqOSfFUQjTzCk4n5xggdSnm7ILcqkPkstOo05dB1M0u0xnBnMtjnZEXee7X0VCTxqJpvEVBGUTtNYQ38spoTYidyoyNAQw5nEcg4hXtNGVGpfuAZy72-m3znXA/s1600/Eclipse+Map+2017.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b></b><img border="0" data-original-height="1022" data-original-width="1482" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRrZZyHiHc9CJJyVOpSNqOSfFUQjTzCk4n5xggdSnm7ILcqkPkstOo05dB1M0u0xnBnMtjnZEXee7X0VCTxqJpvEVBGUTtNYQ38spoTYidyoyNAQw5nEcg4hXtNGVGpfuAZy72-m3znXA/s400/Eclipse+Map+2017.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"></span><div align="center" style="margin: 0px 0px 11px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">By Rick Boozer</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">As I detail below, the problems with the NASA eclipse map app go even further than the article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kansas City Star</i> indicates.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>See their article: “<a href="http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article166394247.html"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Those maps of
eclipse path? ‘Wrong’, experts say by up to one-half mile at edge</span></a>”<span style="margin: 0px;"> They are correct in saying the app might mislead</span> you to think
you are at the outer edge of the path of totality (where you would get to see one, two or more seconds with no direct sunlight peeking around the Moon) when you actually are not!</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">First point.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>The
reported inaccuracy doesn’t just apply to the boundary edges of the path of
totality, it also applies to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">center</i>
of the path where the amount of totality time is supposed longest.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Again, you might think you are going to get
maximum totality at the location you have chosen, when you are not.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Mind you, it will only be a few seconds off
at most, but still off.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>To die-hard
eclipse chasers, every second is precious.</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Second point. <span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>As an
astrophysicist, I would <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">never</i></b> rely on the NASA map for this
very reason.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Instead, there is only one
truly reliable source of eclipse data; that is, the U.S. Naval
Observatory.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Eclipse prediction has <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">always</i></b>
been USNO’s job almost as far back in time as the nation’s founding.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Even NASA gets their data from USNO when they
want to figure spacecraft trajectories.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Following is a detailed description of what I do for maximum
eclipse prediction accuracy that I use.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>It is
simple enough for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anyone</i></b> to do.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Run the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Google Earth</i> app.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Use that app to find the latitude, longitude
and altitude of the location you are checking.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>Next, enter this data into the USNO’s Eclipse App at: <a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/SolarEclipses.php"><span style="color: #0563c1;">http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/SolarEclipses.php</span></a>.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Note you may have to convert the altitude
from feet to meters, but Google has a web app for that.</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">The above method is how I determined that the Anderson
Jockey Lot would have the <a href="http://astromaven.blogspot.com/2017/06/awe-inspiring-spectacle-in-upstate.html"><span style="color: #0563c1;">longest
totality time</span></a> of anyplace on the I-85 corridor. Btw, the NASA app predicted a totality duration 3 seconds shorter than the USNO app in this particular case.<br />
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Image credit: NASA</span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><span style="font-family: "calibri";"></span>Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-32004392524327550072017-07-06T11:57:00.000-07:002017-07-06T11:57:46.892-07:00BE SAFE!!! Don’t Misuse Solar Eclipse Viewing Glasses
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<div align="center" style="margin: 0px 0px 11px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>-- And Other Safe Ways to View a Solar
Eclipse --<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH91Pgb5oBP3oksa5sl8OlIUmVCifZyGAwOCg06lO2v8SAEWoclpLRPK3czL2hNT82iI_bn2gFxjk0GhSKrm_xI5PUwDrNhgVk4bZIXThPGHbIHSGWGS3G4QPN1DeG-9k9Q_XHvW61NXs/s1600/Wearing+eclipse+viewer+over+glasses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="1170" height="516" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH91Pgb5oBP3oksa5sl8OlIUmVCifZyGAwOCg06lO2v8SAEWoclpLRPK3czL2hNT82iI_bn2gFxjk0GhSKrm_xI5PUwDrNhgVk4bZIXThPGHbIHSGWGS3G4QPN1DeG-9k9Q_XHvW61NXs/s640/Wearing+eclipse+viewer+over+glasses.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span><br />
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Viewing a solar eclipse improperly can put your eyesight in
danger.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>With the upcoming eclipse on
August 21, now is a good time to discuss various methods to see the eclipse
safely.</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By now, everyone has probably heard about the special
eclipse viewing glasses being made available.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>At the <a href="http://astromaven.blogspot.com/2017/06/awe-inspiring-spectacle-in-upstate.html"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Anderson
Jockey Lot</span></a>, 1000 pairs of these glasses will be given away on the day of
the eclipse (yes, at NO charge) as long as supplies last.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Many organizations and companies are also <a href="https://www.ghs.org/healthcenter/ghs-eye-institute-free-eclipse-filters/"><span style="color: #0563c1;">offering
such glasses for free</span></a> as a public service.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>These glasses are only needed during the period of the eclipse when part
of the Sun is not covered by the Moon’s disk.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">only time</i></b> you can safely look at the eclipse directly without
the special glasses is during the scant few minutes that the disk of the Sun is
fully hidden (at totality).<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Indeed,
during that brief totality you are encouraged to look directly at the eclipse
to get the full effect in all of its glory.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>The special glasses will be needed again as soon as totality is over,
should you continue watching the Sun.</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">However, it is necessary to use the glasses in the way the manufacturer
recommends to properly protect your precious eyesight!</i></b><span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Even when looking through the special eclipse
glasses, you should observe the Sun for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">no longer</i></b> than 3 minutes at a time
with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">at
least</i></b> a 20-minute break in between each 3-minute observation.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Indeed, you will not miss anything by not
looking at the Sun frequently before totality, because the Moon’s disk will
gradually cover the Sun’s disk at a very slow imperceptible rate.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Those who wear prescription glasses should
place the eclipse glasses in front of their regular glasses, as I am pictured
doing in the above photo.</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But there are safe ways to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">constantly</i> view the eclipse, even before and after totality.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Those of you who have read <a href="http://astromaven.blogspot.com/2017/06/weird-things-happen-with-total-solar_72.html"><span style="color: #0563c1;">one
of my earlier articles</span></a> know that you can see all the sunlit periods (called
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">partial phases</i>) of the eclipse by
looking in the shade cast by a leafy tree.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>If there is not a tree around, you can use a common kitchen
colander.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>The holes in that utensil will
project nice multiple images of the eclipsing Sun <span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>onto any surface you choose if hold the
colander far enough away from the surface.</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NEVER look at the Sun directly through binoculars or a
telescope at any time, whether there is an eclipse or not.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>However, if you own either of those, there is
a safe way to use them to observe the solar eclipse.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>If using binoculars, it is best to use an
adapter (available for a few dollars) to mount the binoculars to a camera
tripod.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Again, DO NOT LOOK AT THE SUN
DIRECTLY THROUGH THE BINOCULARS.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>While
holding a white piece of cardboard behind the binoculars, tilt the binoculars with
the mount until you see the shadows of the binocular’s tubes as perfectly round
circles. At that time, the binoculars will be pointing directly at the
Sun.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Now, move the cardboard far enough
away from the binoculars for the Sun’s image (projected onto the cardboard by
the binoculars) to appear at least 3 inches wide.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Looking at the image of the Sun, focus the
binoculars until the disk of the Sun is sharp around the edges.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Click <a href="http://www.skyandtelescope.com/online-gallery/partial-solar-eclipse-10232014-projected-by-binoculars/"><span style="color: #0563c1;">here</span></a>
to see a photo such a binocular projected image.<br />
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The same technique can be used with a small telescope, but the telescope should
have a main lens or mirror no wider than 3 inches (75 mm) to avoid overheating.</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Another way to safely observe the eclipse with binoculars or
telescope is to buy professionally made full-aperture filters.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>This method may be the easiest and most
convenient way to use a telescope or binoculars to observe the Sun.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Here are a couple of sources: <a href="http://thousandoaksoptical.com/shop/solar-filters/full-aperture-solarlite/"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Thousand
Oaks Optical</span></a> and <a href="http://www.telescope.com/Accessories/Telescope-Eyepiece-Filters/Orion-Full-Aperture-Glass-Telescope-Solar-Filters/pc/-1/c/3/sc/48/e/4.uts"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Orion
Telescopes</span></a>.</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I hope you have found this article useful.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Have fun experiencing the once-in-a-lifetime
total solar eclipse, but most of all, stay safe.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>You are invited to join us at the Anderson
Jockey Lot where we will have the longest totality along the I-85 corridor
lasting 2 minutes and 40 seconds!</span></div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-63891990759749015512017-06-22T12:14:00.000-07:002017-06-23T04:30:37.886-07:00Weird Things Happen with a Total Solar Eclipse<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Everyone talks about how visually stunning it is when the
darkened Moon <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fully</i> covers the face
of the Sun in a total solar eclipse.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>And
indeed, it is!<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>But there are other
unusual, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">truly strange</i> happenings
that occur when the Moon passes in front of the Sun.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span><span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>If you
aren’t prepared to look for them, some of these weird phenomena are so fleeting
that you can miss them.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Following are
descriptions of a number of those novel occurrences to be looked for on August 21st.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Long before totality (when the Moon is only covering part of
the Sun’s face), go to a nearby tree and look in the shade of the tree’s
shadow.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>You will see <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hundreds</i></b>
of crescent images of the partially covered Sun all over the ground!<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>In fact, this is a safe way to view all the
partial phases of the eclipse without harming your eyes.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Where do all these many images come
from?<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>The gaps between the tree’s leaves
act like a pinhole camera by projecting the Sun’s image on the ground.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Here is a photo that was shot of such a tree
shadow during a previous solar eclipse: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW-SsdIpHIhBj6VZw5az1p387S1ah1nmy4AGwqLZSY8bjm0bFyA4TBXISjYU66JLmzPfNMiEaX4UsaCJALGyZWpuMuPQ0mObor7GeUyXMBD3GNHVUHDow2C-yut3CLg5cToe_gXKWv3jw/s1600/eclipsetree_ejisrael.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="625" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW-SsdIpHIhBj6VZw5az1p387S1ah1nmy4AGwqLZSY8bjm0bFyA4TBXISjYU66JLmzPfNMiEaX4UsaCJALGyZWpuMuPQ0mObor7GeUyXMBD3GNHVUHDow2C-yut3CLg5cToe_gXKWv3jw/s1600/eclipsetree_ejisrael.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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(Above image credit and copyright Elisa Israel) </div>
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Anywhere from 60 to 90 seconds before totality or just after
totality ends, closely look at any flat light-colored or white surfaces around
you.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>You may see a very strange
sight.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>At such times, dark lines called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shadow
bands</i></b> may be seen racing back and forth across the surfaces.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>These shadowy lines are caused by sunlight
peeking around mountains and through valleys around the outer rim of the Moon,
while turbulence in the air makes them appear to shift position.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>To see a video of eclipse shadow bands, go
here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_XMnU7Ad40"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_XMnU7Ad40</span></a></div>
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In the minutes before totality, all of your surroundings
will appear dimly lit in a very strange and different way from what you
experience at sunrise or sunset.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Everything
will seem somewhat similar to what you see when you wear very dark sunglasses,
but with a kind of surreal sheen that can’t be described adequately.</div>
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As soon as the Moon entirely covers the Sun and causes the
sky to completely blacken, the air will instantly chill -- perhaps by as much
as 20 degrees Fahrenheit.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Animals will
become confused.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Bats may fly around
thinking it is night.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Birds may go to
roost.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Crickets or cicadas may begin to
chirp.</div>
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If the land is flat for miles around your location or you
are on a mountain top, you will be able to see the darkest part of the Moon’s
shadow (called the umbra) racing across the ground towards you just before
totality and away from you afterwards.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>Here is video of the approaching and leaving umbra as seen from an
airplane: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InlUONyIpdM"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InlUONyIpdM</span></a></div>
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An instant before the Sun’s disk is completely covered by
the Moon, you should experience the visually stunning <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">diamond ring effect</i></b>.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>The slight bit of Sun remaining will give the
impression of a brilliant diamond with the ring being a faint glow around the
darkened Moon.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Some images of the
diamond ring effect can be seen at this link: <a href="https://sunstopper.wordpress.com/tag/diamond-ring-effect/"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://sunstopper.wordpress.com/tag/diamond-ring-effect/</span></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">IMPORTANT NOTE:</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The brief
few minutes of totality is the only time it is safe to look directly at the Sun
with no eye protection.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>If you are
wearing special eclipse glasses, take them off when the Moon completely covers
the Sun.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>But be sure to put them back on
if you continue looking at the sun <u>as soon as</u> totality is finished.</i></b><span style="margin: 0px;"> </span></div>
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It will become dark as night during totality.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>The stars will pop out and you will see two
very bright points of light near the Sun. They are really the planets Venus and
Mercury.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Most people never get to see
Mercury because it is usually so close to the Sun that it is blotted out by the
Sun’s glare.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span></div>
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Mars and Jupiter will make an appearance.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Those two planets will <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">seem</i> to be near the Sun, when in reality they will be much farther
away on the far opposite sides of their orbits.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>In total, 4 of the 5 planets that don’t require a telescope can be seen
during the eclipse.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sirius</i></b>, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dog Star</i></b>, will show itself as the
very bright star to the southwest of the Sun.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>In fact Sirius is the second brightest star in our sky after the Sun.</div>
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If we are lucky, there will be eruptions from the Sun that
cannot be seen at any other time.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>These
eruptions are called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">prominences</i></b> and will glow a bright
beautiful ruby red color.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Go here to see
a photo of red prominence eruptions during an eclipse: <a href="http://county10.com/will-wildlife-be-fooled-into-bedding-down-for-the-night-during-the-eclipse/"><span style="color: #0563c1;">http://county10.com/will-wildlife-be-fooled-into-bedding-down-for-the-night-during-the-eclipse/</span></a></div>
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The bluish white glowing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">corona</i></b> (outer atmosphere of the
Sun) is made of charged hydrogen atoms; AKA <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">plasma</i></b>.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>During totality, the corona allows us to see
the beautiful structure of the Sun’s powerful magnetic field as the plasma is
pulled by magnetism into graceful curving field lines.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Check out this gorgeous corona photo:<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span><a href="http://www.zam.fme.vutbr.cz/~druck/eclipse/Ecl2013g/TSE_2013wa_ed/0-info.htm"><span style="color: #0563c1;">http://www.zam.fme.vutbr.cz/~druck/eclipse/Ecl2013g/TSE_2013wa_ed/0-info.htm</span></a>.
<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>As pretty as this image is, no photo can
capture the almost ethereal fluorescent hue that you will see when looking
directly at the corona.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Also, notice
that you can see red prominences in this image near the bottom of the Sun.</div>
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I hope this description of strange eclipse phenomena has
piqued your interest and raised your excitement level about the upcoming total
solar eclipse.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Remember that the Anderson
Jockey Lot will have the longest running totality period of any location along
the I-85 corridor and U.S. Highway 29.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>See you there!</div>
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For more information contact me (Rick Boozer) by email at topastro@singularsci.com.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"></span><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br />Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-39430963740685713322017-06-13T05:28:00.002-07:002017-08-04T14:10:48.472-07:00Awe-Inspiring Spectacle in Upstate South Carolina<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzv7EkQkcA5GBbsW2cKCPUwSs7GDvDFmJpYNfccWiMjP5CaWRvn8brZEgVueX3fGnuPJqTr2yRLwI1hJsLKrKQek4uXWFPNnsOXKh3HKQED7wWTFDgHF4GPkkqRJiEu1WbINssq8UBiwQ/s1600/corona_vangorp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzv7EkQkcA5GBbsW2cKCPUwSs7GDvDFmJpYNfccWiMjP5CaWRvn8brZEgVueX3fGnuPJqTr2yRLwI1hJsLKrKQek4uXWFPNnsOXKh3HKQED7wWTFDgHF4GPkkqRJiEu1WbINssq8UBiwQ/s640/corona_vangorp.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><br /><br /><br />For the first time in 47 years, South
Carolina will experience a once-in-lifetime total solar eclipse!<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>On August 21, 2017, Anderson Jockey
Lot will host a viewing of the event as a free public service.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Astrophysicist and veteran total solar
eclipse observer, Rick Boozer will provide expert running commentary as the eclipse progresses -- beginning with the more than hour long partial phases and then ending with the short (but spectacular) period of totality.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Assuming clear skies, the
Anderson Jockey Lot on U.S. Highway 29 will be the best viewing location of the totality climax
along the I-85 corridor with longest totality time in this area of 2 minutes
and 40 seconds according to the <a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/solareclipse?eclipse=22017&place=Anderson+Jockey+Lot&lon_sign=-1&lon_deg=82&lon_min=32&lon_sec=56.4&lat_sign=1&lat_deg=34&lat_min=35&lat_sec=11.5&height=262.1" target="_blank">U.S. Naval Observatory's Solar Eclipse Computer</a>.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Totality for the City of
Greenville will be 2 minutes and 10 seconds – fully 30 seconds less.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Spartanburg, at most, will only have several
seconds.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Why will the Jockey Lot experience a longer totality than any place else along U.S. Hwy 29? It is because the <i><b>very center</b></i> of the Moon's shadow will pass over that location. Thus, anything farther north or south of the Jockey Lot along U.S. 29 will experience a shorter totality time. For instance, even though Green Pond is only a few miles south of U.S. 29 away from the Jockey Lot, totality there will be 8 seconds shorter.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";"></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">When observing an eclipse’s
partial phases, it is important to understand that eye damage can occur if viewed
with the unprotected eye.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Normal
sunglasses do not filter many harmful solar rays that can injure your eyes
during the partial phases.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>For the
public’s safety, special eclipse sunglasses will be available at the event (while supplies last).<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>The special
glasses will not be needed during totality.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Everyone is welcome to view the
eclipse at the Anderson Jockey Lot.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>We
will attempt to shoot video of the eclipse and, if successful, the footage will
be accessible online.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Partial eclipse phases begin at
1:09 PM EDT.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Totality will start at 52
seconds after 2:37 PM EDT and will end at 32 seconds after 2:40 PM.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Late partial phases end at 4:09 PM EDT.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Of course, if the sky is cloudy,
the total eclipse will not be seen.<span style="margin: 0px;">
</span>Let’s all cross our fingers for clear skies!</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Our thanks to Anderson Jockey Lot
owner, Mac McClellion for allowing this public event on his premises. Special accommodations for campers will be available as described here: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AndersonJockeyLot/posts/1600346250007626">https://www.facebook.com/AndersonJockeyLot/posts/1600346250007626</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">For information contact Rick
Boozer by email at <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">topastro@singularsci.com</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">The next total solar eclipse in
South Carolina won’t happen for another 60 years, so don’t miss the eclipse
this August if you can help it!</span></div>
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--- Photo of total solar eclipse by Koen van Gorp and used here with his permission ---</div>
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<br />Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-39533034580362520012016-11-27T11:06:00.000-08:002017-11-16T06:59:35.779-08:00Automated Astronomical Object Feature Measurer<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0px;">Want
to know the size (in kilometers or miles) of a sunspot, lunar crater, festoon
on Jupiter, etc. that you see in a photographic image?<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>My latest software creation called <i>Automated
Astronomical Object Feature Measurer</i> (or <i>AAOFM</i> for short) can quickly and
accurately tell you the answer. The app is offered free for download.<br />
<br />
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0px;">Designed to run on Windows, Linux and Mac computers.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>Note: This is a beta version and I need
feedback concerning any bugs that may exist in the app.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>I have installed and run the software
successfully on Windows and Linux computers; therefore, input from Mac users
would be especially appreciated.</span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0px;">Click the image below to go to my website and choose the menu option to the left labeled <i>Automated Astronomical Object Feature Measurer</i> to go to the appropriate download area.</span><br />
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<a href="http://singularsci.com/" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="http://singularsci.com/" border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0far1phYrjuGS4pIskWGvqgI2Ei23fbLWQ2jjpnDBlaJ-ZDFV5mksiye8i9vBZLjwP_3rfSO04e8VKnKIn5It20JZ-oXAIlqdo9VpMH773zbm3ej8t9ApKTTAvkMqEPfBLPYa4Aisr7Q/s400/Splash.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-67603334143635749412016-11-05T07:44:00.000-07:002016-11-05T17:46:27.552-07:00ATTENTION ALL DOB OWNERS WHO DON'T HAVE A COMPUTERIZED OBJECT LOCATOR<div>
You may already have a computerized object locator and not know it! That is, if you have the right kind of tablet or smartphone. It must have an e-compass in it as well as GPS capability and use the Android operating system.<br />
<br />
For over a year, I have been using the free astronomy app SkyEye in my outdoor public outreach astronomy presentations. Last night, I finally got around to using one feature in the app that few people have heard of. I just laid my <span class="text_exposed_show">Asus tablet on a Dobsonian telescope (sticking it on with Velcro) belonging to my friend Jesse Willard. I then told the app when the scope was pointed at each of two calibration stars. From that point on, when I wanted to go to a deep sky object, the tablet would tell me how to turn the telescope to get to the object. Sure, enough when the tablet said I had reached the Coat Hanger cluster, there it was in the eyepiece. Next, M27 the Dumbbell Nebula -- again in the eyepiece's field of view. I stopped at that point because I had forgotten to bring my jacket and was getting too cold.</span></div>
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<span class="text_exposed_show">Go here to download the app (image from SkyEye download page)<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lavadip.skeye&hl=en" target="_blank">A display from SkyEye</a>:</span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="bf7v1-0-0"><span data-text="true"><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lavadip.skeye&hl=en">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lavadip.skeye&hl=en</a></span></span></div>
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Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-83284793736461976692016-09-07T09:08:00.001-07:002016-09-07T09:08:53.463-07:00Crossplatform version of AltiSight app.<div style="text-align: left;">
<span aria-live="polite" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">I have updated a software utility that I created for amateur rocketeers called AltiSight. As before, it is offered free to the public and it now has some extra functionality. But the biggest change is that (unlike the previous version) it is no longer a "Windows only" app! Now Linux and Mac users can download a version of AltiSight that will run on their computers. I hope to add versions that will run on Android tablets and iPads in the near future. For details, go to my Singularity Scientific website (by clicking the image below). Once you are at the website, click the AltiSight link in the menu frame to the left of the screen.<br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.singularsci.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="http://www.singularsci.com" border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_FF47Q9o_gd3DsWVIqzW14uU7fff80Zd9tVCbrInCwxFrk302uC1Va711Z0jFopZKFj7ONmAY7GyloYuIIFJItz-8o1dVuFIh9gznobc-MI5a9_eOZR5Bh_2X-hcAO9upiN9JaSgfaLo/s320/Animation.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">An example of output from the AltiSight app.</span></b></div>
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Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-81687213842194994862016-02-01T12:08:00.000-08:002016-02-01T12:08:55.529-08:00See the Moon, Venus and Mercury very close together!The Moon, Venus and Mercury will all be within a mere 5 degrees of each other on February 6, 2016 in the southeast. They will be very low, so you will need to be at a location that has no tall trees or buildings obscuring your view in that direction. All the other planets that are visible to the unaided eye will also be visible farther to the west. Julie and I have been enjoying observing all of these planets for about a week now (as of February 2) during our early morning walks.Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-52332466978928363602015-07-31T18:23:00.000-07:002015-08-08T09:06:18.474-07:00Baseless Smear Article: "Opinion: Despite Boozer’s claims NewSpace needs NASA"Article by Jason Rhian here at Spaceflight Insider: <a href="http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/editorial/opinion-newspace-needs-nasa-know/">http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/editorial/opinion-newspace-needs-nasa-know/</a><br />
<br />
First inaccuracy:<br />
"Despite Boozer’s claims, NewSpace needs NASA"<br />
Fact:<br />
I never said NewSpace doesn't need NASA and have never believed that.<br />
<br />
Another whopper:<br />
"... would be wise to tamp down the “defund NASA” rhetoric"<br />
????<br />
Where did he get the nutty idea that I want to defund NASA? I have made it plain numerous times over the years that what I and most other anti-SLS advocates really want is for NASA to not be milked by pork-barrel politicians. Defunding of NASA is the last thing I want.<br />
<br />
"The refrain employed by Boozer that
NASA didn’t “want” SLS – bears little resemblance with what these
officials have stated <i>repeatedly</i>."<br />
OK, I did say NASA didn't want SLS. It is Rihan's long standing claim that this is not so which is patently false. An article by me with links embedded in its text that lead to documents backing up my assertion can be found here: <a href="http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2532/1">http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2532/1</a><br />
<br />
Rhian states, "NASA should serve as a pathfinder, with commercial companies taking over operations that NASA has left behind."<br />
A true statement, but not in the way he means. As I have always stated, NASA indeed should be the pathfinder developing new cutting edge technologies with the commercial companies doing the stuff that has been tried-and-true for so long that it is beneath what NASA should be doing. The trouble is that SLS is NOT new cutting edge tech and it costs more than it should, as explained in the article by me to which I supplied the link above.<br />
<br />
There are many other misrepresentations in Rhian's piece that I do not have time to address. It is starting to really bother me because this B.S. article now comes up on the first page of results from search engines when they are queried about my name.Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-71906928078262806212015-03-09T12:36:00.002-07:002015-05-13T04:38:31.867-07:00Public Speaking Presentations by Rick Boozer<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiDrEfWegyEMJu_A1ibZrZWhUYa9P8yHTj3RGEQjaRtRa89fbWVgLlhY1ovnU1f_PC04jxwjD2oV3D4M4MKx2hY4SNK4jGGVxBw0NNBIlZAwWnYiF82pwHreCTajt4WHno2bSmhgasY34/s1600/FireFlyPartyCluster800.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiDrEfWegyEMJu_A1ibZrZWhUYa9P8yHTj3RGEQjaRtRa89fbWVgLlhY1ovnU1f_PC04jxwjD2oV3D4M4MKx2hY4SNK4jGGVxBw0NNBIlZAwWnYiF82pwHreCTajt4WHno2bSmhgasY34/s1600/FireFlyPartyCluster800.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Rick Boozer is available to give the following presentations
at club meetings and conventions (as well as other public events).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hunting an Exoplanet with Stellar Photometry</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The science of photometry can be used by both amateur and
professional astronomers for some very advanced scientific work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can detect the light changes caused by
eclipsing binary stars, plot the changes in luminosity of a variable star and
even detect an exoplanet orbiting another star.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Rick Boozer’s presentation on stellar photometry will generally
demonstrate how he used the Magnitude Measurement Tool (that comes with the
renowned astronomical imaging software known as AIP4WIN by Richard Berry and
Robert Burnell) in an attempt to detect a known exoplanet orbiting the star
Gliese 876.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Amazing Magellanic Clouds: What Nobody Knew Until Now</b></div>
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Covers some eye-opening discoveries concerning our Milky Way
Galaxy’s two most prominent satellite galaxies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Includes some of the Mr. Boozer’s work on the Large Magellanic Cloud
using data from the ATCA radio interferometer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Much of this astounding information has not appeared in <i><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Astronomy</span></i> or <i><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sky and Telescope.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Astrophotography with Robotic Telescopes at
Remote Distances</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mr. Boozer presents many of the most impressive images he obtained
under a grant of telescope time on instruments in New Mexico and Australia that
he controlled over the internet from his home in Greer, South Carolina.</span><i><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spreading Americans into the Solar System, starting NOW</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>What’s holding
US back and how to fix it</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rick Boozer, member of the Space Development Steering Committee and
author of the book The Plundering of NASA explains how NASA can do exciting
manned spaceflight back to the Moon, an asteroid and Mars <i>without</i>
raising NASA’s budget.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Galileo's Fingers</b></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rick's newest presentation is a photographic exhibition covering a thousand years of scientific research instruments. More information is available here: <a href="http://astromaven.blogspot.com/2015/03/galileos-fingers-photographic.html" target="_blank">http://astromaven.blogspot.com/2015/03/galileos-fingers-photographic.html </a><b> </b> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">About the speaker:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">R.D. (Rick) Boozer is an astrophysics
researcher, public speaker, spaceflight advocate, author of the book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Plundering-NASA-Expos%C3%A9-R-D-Boozer-ebook/dp/B00CQQ3MQK/ref=sr_1_1_title_0_main?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1388965529&sr=1-1&keywords=plundering+of+nasa">The
Plundering of NASA</a> and member of the <a href="http://spacedevelopmentsteeringcommittee.org/about-the-space-development-steering-committee/">Space
Development Steering Committee</a>. He has a Master of Astronomy degree
in astrophysics with high distinction and was awarded the University Medal “for
outstanding academic achievement at the Master’s level”. From childhood
he has been an enthusiast for all things related to astronomy and space travel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has been the featured guest on such
globally popular space issues shows as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Space Show with Dr. David Livingston, Spacevidcast</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mars Pirate Radio. </i>His public speaking engagements on
astronomy and spaceflight as well (as his articles for such online publications
as <i>Space.com</i> and <i>The Space Review</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">)</span> have been received by audiences with enthusiasm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He runs the science education websites <a href="http://astromaven.blogspot.com/">Astro Maven Blog</a> and <a href="http://singularsci.com/">Singularity Scientific</a> as a public service.</span>Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-41185689536350940852015-03-04T09:43:00.000-08:002015-12-10T12:10:59.870-08:00Galileo’s Fingers -- a Photographic Exploration of Antique Scientific Instruments<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Science Museum in Florence, Italy</span></b></div>
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My wife Julie and I went to Italy to celebrate our 30<sup>th</sup>
anniversary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have put together a new
educational public photo presentation about our fascinating visit to the Museo
Galileo in Florence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I call the talk, “Galileo’s
Fingers”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While at the museum, I saw two
telescopes that were actually made by Galileo, as well as a number of other
scientific instruments constructed by this great genius.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The museum was filled with interesting archaic
scientific instruments from many sources dating back over a span of a thousand
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Why a peculiar title like “Galileo’s Fingers”?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, preserved in ornate glass bell jars, I
saw and photographed (you guessed it) Galileo’s fingers!</div>
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<br /></div>
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Anyone interested in a presentation of this program for
their group can message me on Facebook or Twitter or leave a comment here. For a list of my other public presentations, click this link: <a href="http://astromaven.blogspot.com/2015/03/public-speaking-presentations-by-rick.html">http://astromaven.blogspot.com/2015/03/public-speaking-presentations-by-rick.html</a></div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-51519580655315713322015-01-16T09:02:00.001-08:002015-01-16T09:09:34.065-08:00Photometry with AIP4WIN: a Tutorial Part 5 – Setting up and performing differential photometry<!--[if !mso]>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<br />
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">To do the
differential photometry, AIP4WIN’s <b><i>Magnitude Measurement Tool</i></b> was
used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If tracking error did not cause a
star’s position in a frame to shift more than 40 pixels from what it was in the
previous frame, this tool is intelligent enough to locate that particular star
in the current frame that it is working on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, some of the star position shifts from image-to-image in the
frames I had to use were in excess of 50 pixels!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This meant that I had to adjust images to
where they aligned better with each other for the MMT to function
properly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I went ahead and did precise
alignment of the stars (even for images where the shift was minor) because this
preparation would make it easier to see what was going on at a later time when
I was watching MMT display its automatic series of photometric
observations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If your drive tracks well
enough so that no star’s position in any frame varies more than 40 pixels from
the previous frame, there is no need to do this extra step.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Should that be the case, you can skip to the
section of this article called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Setting Up for Magnitude Measurements</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Alignment of each
star image was done using one image as a base reference image and then making
all stars in other images have the same relative positions in the frame as the
stars in the base image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next will be
illustrated the procedure for doing this alignment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTPlOsaosMYIF2-KobKTq13FUxZSUhujQ3BP2SWTLHzWL_vpfOTyzKKicHcH19cR0CG42FGkX7MR0ZW_megz1BAI7pYa-0z7y3lONo0eMD8qIGQUJZZiBiVF5Tn5_ADYK0qs36Gn3WeFI/s1600/Fig+25+-+Reference+star+coodinates.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTPlOsaosMYIF2-KobKTq13FUxZSUhujQ3BP2SWTLHzWL_vpfOTyzKKicHcH19cR0CG42FGkX7MR0ZW_megz1BAI7pYa-0z7y3lONo0eMD8qIGQUJZZiBiVF5Tn5_ADYK0qs36Gn3WeFI/s1600/Fig+25+-+Reference+star+coodinates.jpg" height="305" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 25:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Getting the pixel coordinates
of the reference star in the reference image.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">As shown in the
above illustration of the base image, the mouse pointer is placed over the
centre of one reference star that will be used for this purpose in all
images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its pixel coordinates (X=408,
Y=284) can then be read in the <b>Current Pixel</b> frame of the ever-present <b><i>Image
Display Control </i></b>that is located to the left and bottom of the
screen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From then on, one image after
another is loaded and the same procedure is used to note the pixel location of
the reference star in the frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After
the pixel location of the reference star has been recorded for each image, the
images are again loaded one right after the other and each image is adjusted so
that the pixel coordinates of its stars match the pixel coordinates of the
stars in the reference image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
case of the immediately following image, the coordinates of the reference star
are X=352 and Y=248.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Considering the
pixel coordinates from the base image, these results mean that in this frame
the reference star is to be shifted to the left 408-352 = 56 pixels and
downward 284-248 = 36 pixels.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCRtFO99Ock90HP5sfRid9VqacnsVlxs4VHXx6kjxmukG0NbnzoZS6cpJjZ6X_mTy46At_Z9qhipzUuoYUCf2leHGI6NgmZVfaSW-OC_NtXQhSKzlWI25jOzETYcBcfn5gUskXY2z8jYU/s1600/Fig+26+-+Translate+image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCRtFO99Ock90HP5sfRid9VqacnsVlxs4VHXx6kjxmukG0NbnzoZS6cpJjZ6X_mTy46At_Z9qhipzUuoYUCf2leHGI6NgmZVfaSW-OC_NtXQhSKzlWI25jOzETYcBcfn5gUskXY2z8jYU/s1600/Fig+26+-+Translate+image.jpg" height="346" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 26:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Translating star positions to
match positions in the reference image.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">In <b><i>Figure 26</i></b>
the <b><i>Translate-Rotate-Scale</i></b> dialog box has been invoked from the <b><i>Transform</i></b>
menu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To move the star images in the X
and Y directions, translation amounts are entered into the appropriate input
boxes in the <b>Translate</b> frame and then the <b>Apply</b> button is clicked
to yield results shown in the next illustration.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdYChoSOthGulp8KydWkNJaSJhxJrSPriR7KFWl8NC65O0GaE2lCKDIeBnGy8n_s7pO11W0W5juHkFLpQv0KcDvp5IiM-g0Ym1pwZDE3x2nLnzcWVLj76qAwvMI80FJHPv7ucmtd2jm6U/s1600/Fig+27+-+Image+after+tranlation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdYChoSOthGulp8KydWkNJaSJhxJrSPriR7KFWl8NC65O0GaE2lCKDIeBnGy8n_s7pO11W0W5juHkFLpQv0KcDvp5IiM-g0Ym1pwZDE3x2nLnzcWVLj76qAwvMI80FJHPv7ucmtd2jm6U/s1600/Fig+27+-+Image+after+tranlation.jpg" height="386" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 27:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> The image after it has been
shifted.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Note that the actual
exposed area is now shifted in the image frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The T-R-S:[5] image name shown in the title bar was automatically
generated by the software.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The user
should change the computer generated image name to something more meaningful
when he/she saves it to disk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the
reader will see in later depicted images, I added a ‘T’ to the original
filename to indicate it had been translated.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">I employed AIP4WIN’s
blink comparator function to compare the reference image and the translation
image to make sure that they were properly aligned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This <b>Blink </b>function can be invoked
from the <b><i>Multi-Image</i></b> menu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRFz6-zA6lt479aXtB1uCSdNZ31dvkk2wPpZ8Z96FrPO97U2wdf7RJgPA2YLRlN4piQj-Dtzldse3AzVOSlF4WneJu-ENuB730zpkvc7w6LcV2DDOioahamn_W_L_DCxEnCcrrIs88GF4/s1600/Fig+28+-+Blink+comparator.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRFz6-zA6lt479aXtB1uCSdNZ31dvkk2wPpZ8Z96FrPO97U2wdf7RJgPA2YLRlN4piQj-Dtzldse3AzVOSlF4WneJu-ENuB730zpkvc7w6LcV2DDOioahamn_W_L_DCxEnCcrrIs88GF4/s1600/Fig+28+-+Blink+comparator.jpg" height="192" width="200" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 28:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> The blink comparator dialog
box.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">As shown in <b><i>Figure
28</i></b>, a dialog box allows the selection of the two images used in the
comparison, then, the <b>Manual</b> button is clicked to instantaneously switch
between the two superimposed images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
when switching between these two images the stars do not appear to move, then
the image translation was properly done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU">Setting Up for Magnitude
Measurements</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">When the user is
sure all the stars in all of the frames are at good pixel coordinates from one
image to the next, the user would apply the <b><i>Magnitude Measurement Tool</i></b>
to automatically accumulate and process photometric data from all of the
images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, before explaining the
steps of how a successful photometric analysis of a series of images is done,
it is important to mention a pitfall that could be hidden within the header of
each of the images if your camera does not properly follow the FITS data
standard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It should be pointed out that
this is a highly unlikely problem that most users will never encounter, but I
am including a description of the problem and its solution for the sake of
completeness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The first time I
used the <b><i>Magnitude Measurement Tool</i></b> or MMT on the University of
Tasmania images, data in the charts and graphs that were produced by the tool
showed incorrect Julian dates for the observation times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact the images were scrambled out of
chronological order in the final data report.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This situation was most peculiar because I had earlier tried MMT with
images from sources other than the University of Tasmania and the dates shown
for them were correct.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What was
different about the University of Tasmania data that caused MMT to malfunction
in this manner?</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">After scrutinizing
the headers of the FITS files, it became apparent that one difference between
the University of Tasmania files and the files that gave no problems was the
manner in which observation dates and times were specified.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The University of Tasmania files had the
times and dates defined thusly within the header:</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">UT<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= '18:37:36.0000'<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>/ UT read from telescope<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">UTDATE<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= '24-JUL-04'<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>/ UT date read from telescope<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">DATE-OBS=
'24/07/04'<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>/ UT date read from
telescope<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Whilst the images
from other sources had the time specified in the manner that is recommended in
the official FITS file specifications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With date, the capital letter ‘T’ and the time:</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">DATE-OBS=
'2004-07-24T18:37:36'</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span lang="EN-AU">Under said official FITS file
specifications, time is assumed to be UT unless otherwise specified.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The specifications state that this time
assignation method has been recommended since 1996. (FWG 96)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is strange that the University of Tasmania
exposures do not follow this convention given that they were shot in 2004.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span lang="EN-AU">When the time assignation in the header of
the University of Tasmania image files was altered to follow the official data
format of “DATE-OBS= 'YYYY-MM-DD<b>T</b>HH:MM:SS'”, then MMT produced correct
Julian dates with points plotted in correct chronological order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After such corrections were made to all
frames, I reran the <b>Magnitude Measurement Tool</b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> to do the final data processing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was during an earlier run of the <b>Magnitude Measurement Tool</b>
(using steps described below) that I initially discovered the time stamp
problem I discussed before -- as I mentioned, that is a problem that most users
will never encounter.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span lang="EN-AU">In order to perform an analysis of a series
of photometric images, one clicks the <b>Magnitude Measurement Tool</b> option
under the <b><i>Measure</i></b> menu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This action brings up the following dialog box.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 29:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> The Observer tab of the <i>Magnitude
Measurement Tool</i>.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span lang="EN-AU">Under the <b>Observer</b> tab, one can
either type in the data relating to the observing location and save it for
later retrieval with the <b>Save File As</b> button or recall the data for a
previously defined location by clicking a location name in the list in the
upper right corner and then clicking the <b>Recall File</b> button.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the image above is displayed the relevant
data for the University of Tasmania’s <i>Mount Canopus</i> observatory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once the observing location is defined, the <b><i>Images</i></b>
tab is clicked to designate the images to be photometrically analysed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 30:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Selecting the images to be
analysed.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span lang="EN-AU">In <b><i>Figure 30</i></b>, the <b>Select
Disk Files</b> button has been clicked causing the <b>Select Files to Measure</b>
file navigation box to appear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The user
has navigated to the appropriate directory and has selected all of the files
he/she wishes to analyse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clicking the <b>Open</b>
button will then cause a return to the <b><i>Images</i></b> tab of the MMT.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 31:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> An image to be used for star
selection has been chosen.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">In <b><i>Figure 31</i></b>
the <b>Pick an Image for Star Selection</b> button has been clicked after the
clicking of a filename in the list box.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This action caused the image associated with the filename to appear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The purpose of pulling up this image is to
make optimal adjustments so that MMT can give photometric results with the
highest possible accuracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given this
fact, it seems logical that one should choose one of the highest quality images
available for this purpose, generally by finding an image with high contrast
and more detail.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Moving on to the <b><i>Settings</i></b>
tab will allow the user to set an appropriate size for the star aperture and
annulus that is to be used in the photometric measurements.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 32:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> The light profile of a chosen
star.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">When a user clicks a
star in the image, a yellow aperture circle that is centred on the star engulfs
the stellar image and an annulus is exhibited between two red concentric
circles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The yellow circle should be made
just large enough such that it encompasses as much of the light emitted by the
star as possible and still yield a signal-to-noise ratio that is near the
maximum it can possibly be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The area
within the annulus should be placed far enough from the aperture such that it
will essentially be illuminated only by normal ambient sky glow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I entered values for the radius of the
aperture circle and also values for the inner and outer radius of the annulus;
they are 4.5 pixels, 9 pixels, and 15 pixels respectively.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">A light profile plot
showing the intensity of incident light is initially displayed by default.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is easy to see that most of the intensely
illuminated pixels reside within the aperture (whose radius is graphically
represented between the left hand side of the plot and the leftmost green
vertical line).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The middle green line
represents the inner radius of the annulus, whilst the rightmost corresponds to
the outer radius of the annulus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Notice
the plot is of very low intensity and flat between the rightmost two lines: a
good indication that the annulus approximates the ambient illumination of the
background sky.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The plotting
software algorithms adjust their output data based on data that was input by
the user into the <b>CCD Properties</b> frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All of this input data was supplied to me either within the project
assignment documentation or was gotten from the header of one of the given
image files from the University of Tasmania, with the exception of the datum
labelled <i>Zero Point</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The purpose
of this quantity will be discussed shortly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All that will be said at this juncture is that 25 is the program’s
default value for the zero point and it will probably have to be changed to
some other number by the user.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
before that happens, the user needs to determine whether or not the radius of
the aperture should be further adjusted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For this process the <b>SNR</b> radio button is clicked.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 33:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Checking the aperture radius
with the SNR plot.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Judging by the above
plot of signal-to-noise ratio versus radius, it appears that the aperture is
already set very close to the size that yields the maximum signal-to-noise
ratio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, it is OK to leave the
aperture set with a 4.5 pixel radius.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Clicking the <b>Curve
of Growth</b> radio button causes a plot of stellar magnitude versus radius
from the stellar centre to be plotted.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 34:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Curve of magnitude growth
before the zero point is adjusted.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">As can be seen from
the curve, the default estimation for the instrumental magnitude of the
comparison star is about 17.395.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Consulting the aforementioned USNO database, this star (designated
0757-0840610 in the NOMAD catalogue) has a listed V magnitude of 14.36. The
zero point is used to bring the instrumental magnitude down to near its
accepted true magnitude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><i>Figure 35</i></b>
reveals what the curve looks like after the zero point is adjusted.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 35:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> After the zero point has been
adjusted.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Notice that the zero
point has been changed to 21.96 and the instrumental magnitude of the
comparison star now reads very close to the database value of 14.36.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The next step is to
indicate to the software what stars in the frame are to be used for photometric
purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <b><i>Stars</i></b> tab is
clicked.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 36:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Star data and stars were
chosen for photometry.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The data for the
five prominent stars shown in the frame were gotten from the USNO database
mentioned previously and entered by the user into the dialog box.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This block of data was then saved for later
retrieval under the filename of GLIESE 876-V, with the -V in the filename
indicating that the brightness data is in V filter magnitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The magnitude of Gliese 876 was left blank
because that is the datum to be photometrically determined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, remember the only two stars that
have a high enough signal-to-noise ratio for accurate photometry are Gliese 876
and 0757-0840536; therefore, only these two will be employed for now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another use for the data belonging to the other
stars will be discussed later.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">First, the subject
of the research, Gliese 876, is clicked to cause yellow aperture and annulus
circles to surround it along with a “V” to indicate it is the potential
variable star being studied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A click of
the star that sits to the right makes it become encircled in a green aperture
ring and blue-green annulus rings along with the designation “C1<i>”</i> to
indicate that it is the first star (in this case the <i>only</i> star to be
used) from the comparison star list.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">It is regrettable
that the other stars are too noisy for use in the photometric run because they
could have been used to check the accuracy of the photometric
measurements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is important that C1
has no intrinsic short-term variability or the photometric measurements will be
for naught.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No catalogue information
could be found relating to whether or not it is a variable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the other stars had been usable, clicking
each star in the image would have caused aperture and annulus circles to appear
around the star and the computer program would have labelled them: C2, C3, and
C4 in succession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the photometric
run, the program would have figured <i>one</i> cumulative magnitude to
represent all three of the other comparison stars and the difference between
this cumulative magnitude and C1 would have been computed for each image.
(Berry and Burnell 294) Large fluctuations in this magnitude difference from
one frame to the next would reveal the degree to which the chosen C1 might have
varied from a constant value.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As it is,
the only way that the user will find out if the variation of C1 is too great is
if there are large amounts of variation in the magnitude difference between the
target star and C1 in the final data that cannot be accounted for otherwise.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">There is the
additional issue of Gliese 876’s known inherent variability, but this is only a
very small <i>long term</i> variability with a maximum range of 0.05 magnitudes
over approximately a 1000 day period. (Shankland et. al. 703)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The transition time between maximum and
minimum or vice versa should be half the period or about 500 days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This fact would imply a crude average
estimate of 0.05 magnitude / 500 day ≈ 0.0001 magnitude/day rate of change.
Given this fact, it seems reasonable me that there would probably be no
detectable change in magnitude induced by Gliese 876’s inherent variability
over the one night in which the University of Tasmania images were shot.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">With the required
stars chosen, the user moves to the <b><i>Report</i></b> tab.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuvoV-FScPAWYVKMVnU_G4s2EoMiqDpAzhtX7w_crFxtAaefaRN1ZvS3nd8plgWOGY34e36gRdL7xb-ZEW_soP5_HpgG17ZFpjEEhjTx_jWDyFASlJsAaN02GuQEVtQbXUMAesWSNsLB0/s1600/Fig+37+-+Choosing+a+report.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuvoV-FScPAWYVKMVnU_G4s2EoMiqDpAzhtX7w_crFxtAaefaRN1ZvS3nd8plgWOGY34e36gRdL7xb-ZEW_soP5_HpgG17ZFpjEEhjTx_jWDyFASlJsAaN02GuQEVtQbXUMAesWSNsLB0/s1600/Fig+37+-+Choosing+a+report.jpg" height="230" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 37</span></i><span lang="EN-AU">: Choosing the type of data
report.</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Under this tab, the
user can choose the content and format of the final data produced from the
photometric measurements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A couple are
special formats for organizations such as the AAVSO (American Association of
Variable Star Observers) and the CBA (Centre for Backyard Astrophysics), while some
others may have fairly uncommon or even esoteric uses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The one that best fits the purpose of this
project is invoked by clicking the <b><i>Raw Instrumental Mags</i></b> radio
button.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the report format chosen,
it is time to move to the <b><i>Execute</i></b> tab.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK5p1ij0spupgLHwBjoW7dIIbc2Lj4VK7oxc8FPdIPmphuq84f3YjiMMvpzmJ2NOBiWsIybqNXB66NrhrZpLacKkCWzsZrPHoxS0gxLN9ZCpzIWG5gLFCWz3oYmCi8C3jP5OEcViPm070/s1600/Fig+38+-+Execute+tab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK5p1ij0spupgLHwBjoW7dIIbc2Lj4VK7oxc8FPdIPmphuq84f3YjiMMvpzmJ2NOBiWsIybqNXB66NrhrZpLacKkCWzsZrPHoxS0gxLN9ZCpzIWG5gLFCWz3oYmCi8C3jP5OEcViPm070/s1600/Fig+38+-+Execute+tab.jpg" height="231" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 38:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Preparing to execute
photometric measurements.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The default settings
under the <b>Guiding Properties</b> frame will serve the user well in this
case.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For each image that is brought up,
the software will locate the chosen stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because of the earlier implemented image translations intended to make
the position of all stars coincide from image to image, the default 20-pixel
search radius is irrelevant and can be left alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None of the guide star options need to be used
at all.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">At this point the
only thing to do is to begin the series of photometric measurements by clicking
the <b>Run Photometry</b> button.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
computer then displays each image in the image list and looks for the
appropriate stars, does the photometric measurements, then repeats the process
with the next image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All of the data
gets stored to a window called the <b>Data Log</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reader may notice from the following
depicted data log that the images to be excluded were included in the
photometric run.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reason is that it
is more convenient to delete their corresponding data lines <i>after</i> the
run than to exclude them from the photometric series.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">It should be noted that
from here on out, I will employ capital letters to denote actual standard
magnitudes and lower case letters to stand for raw instrumental
magnitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Differences in magnitudes
will be preceded by the Greek letter Δ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In other words, Δv will represent the difference between two stars’ raw
V filter magnitudes, whilst ΔV will represent the difference between the two
stars’ standard V filter magnitudes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX0iA44HiSAMH3PoSjJ09ZOK60-oYJIZTWGv1QhetQxgIj0aNjb-0nKd2l4JJQzpW0N8yH20OiCmQ5Ubi1kk-tMSTblDQtXufnpL4SUkDH9Z4OLoWTPssvWGKDYxklTQR25XGEdxe-lYU/s1600/Fig+39+-+The+Data+Log+window.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX0iA44HiSAMH3PoSjJ09ZOK60-oYJIZTWGv1QhetQxgIj0aNjb-0nKd2l4JJQzpW0N8yH20OiCmQ5Ubi1kk-tMSTblDQtXufnpL4SUkDH9Z4OLoWTPssvWGKDYxklTQR25XGEdxe-lYU/s1600/Fig+39+-+The+Data+Log+window.jpg" height="215" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 39:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> The Data Log.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The <b>Data Log</b>
for this photometric run may be saved to disk via that window’s <b><i>Save to
File</i></b> menu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AIP4WIN data logs are
formatted to be loaded into Microsoft Excel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Therefore, I turned the data log file into a spreadsheet under Excel,
then added a column to figure the difference in measured magnitudes of the
comparison star and Gliese 876 under the column heading <b>Δv</b>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Since the comparison
star is of a dimmer/higher magnitude and it is assumed to be of constant brightness,
having the target star’s magnitude subtracted <i>from</i> the comparison star’s
magnitude (rather than the other way around) causes Δv to increase when the
target star brightens (magnitude decreases) and decrease when the target star
dims (magnitude increases).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This fact
makes unnecessary the extra step of inverting the plot under Excel in order to
have increasing brightness of Gliese 876 in the upward direction of the Δv
plot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The following <b><i>Table 1</i></b>
reveals the results after the data for the inadequate images have been deleted.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Remember in
differential photometry, the most significant thing is the magnitude <i>difference</i>
between the comparison star and the target star (Berry and Burnell 279, 292)
and thus any wide fluctuation of the actual raw magnitude of each of these
stars from image to image is irrelevant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One can see a demonstration of this fact in the grey area at the bottom
of the table showing that the value of Δv ranges over a width of only 0.047
magnitudes, whilst variations in the target star and C1 instrumental magnitudes
each span a range of one full magnitude!</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-insideh: 1.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: 1.5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: .05pt; width: 608px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" valign="bottom" width="43"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Image #</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Julian Day</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" width="48"><h4>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU">Δv</span></span></h4>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Gliese 876 </span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0757-0840536</span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">(C1)</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><b><span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU">Noise Error ± Mag</span></span></b></td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" width="175"><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Image Name</span></b><span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.229</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.375</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.504</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.879</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.007</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470003CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.241</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.381</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.141</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.522</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470005CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.245</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.375</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.198</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.572</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470006CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">6</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.250</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.363</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.146</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.509</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470007CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">7</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.255</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.374</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.068</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.442</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470008CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">8</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.260</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.362</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.233</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.595</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470009CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">9</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.266</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.363</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.064</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.427</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470011CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.270</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.376</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.149</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.525</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470012CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">11</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.276</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.371</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.116</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.487</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470016CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">12</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.281</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.386</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.131</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.517</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470017CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">13</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.285</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.366</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.275</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.641</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470018CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.288</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.371</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.269</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.640</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470019CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.291</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.372</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.119</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.491</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470020CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">16</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.296</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.373</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.157</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.530</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470023CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">17</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.298</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.372</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.192</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.564</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470024CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">18</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.302</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.366</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.545</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.911</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.007</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470025CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">19</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.305</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.371</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.932</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15.303</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.009</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470026CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">20</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.309</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.350</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">11.070</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15.420</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.010</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470027CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">21</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.313</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.386</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.193</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.579</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470029CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">22</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.316</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.369</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.258</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.627</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470032CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">23</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.319</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.366</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.236</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.602</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470033CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">24</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.324</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.374</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.297</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.671</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470034CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">25</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.327</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.368</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.284</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.652</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470035CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">26</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.330</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.375</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.314</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.689</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.007</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470036CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">27</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.333</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.383</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.332</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.715</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.007</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470037CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">28</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.337</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.397</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.265</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.662</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470040CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">29</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.341</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.369</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.375</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.744</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.007</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470041CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">30</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.344</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.386</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.366</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.752</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.007</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470042CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">31</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.348</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.355</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.464</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.819</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.007</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470043CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" width="43"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">32</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.351</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.386</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.770</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15.156</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.010</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">X2253V2470044CFT.fits</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" valign="bottom" width="43"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Avg </span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.373</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.315</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.688</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" valign="bottom" width="43"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Max</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.397</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">11.070</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15.420</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 33;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" valign="bottom" width="43"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Min</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.350</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10.064</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14.427</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 34;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" valign="bottom" width="43"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Range</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.047</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">1.006</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.993</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 35;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" valign="bottom" width="43"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Max - Avg</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.024</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.755</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.732</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 36; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 32.45pt;" valign="bottom" width="43"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 67.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Avg - Min</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .5in;" valign="bottom" width="48"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.023</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.251</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.261</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 131.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Table 1:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Photometric data from an Excel
spreadsheet.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">According to
AIP4WIN’s built-in help documentation, the MMT automatically figures an error
range for each star by converting the standard deviation of the noise part of
the signal-to-noise ratio of each star into magnitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since the value of Δv is derived from a
calculation using the magnitudes of the comparison star and the target star, it
makes sense that the errors of magnitude for both of these quantities would apply
to Δv.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, I computed error bar
values for Δv by adding the noise errors of the subject stars and the results
are shown in the <b>Noise</b> <b>Error</b> column of the above table.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNvOfYYlCITXVi-rtTC8Q4k2TYLDMs6QJZ2kUN-M8ySgvm5DyHVkdtLBg3b9bahciDm-N3APiGi8yi_9lC1iMzbc80ASH9Wj2HxZa7aqcfKWMtAmpAXutNGTXfZKcxlizXLhgqtrziAxw/s1600/Fig+40+-+Initial+Mag+Chart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNvOfYYlCITXVi-rtTC8Q4k2TYLDMs6QJZ2kUN-M8ySgvm5DyHVkdtLBg3b9bahciDm-N3APiGi8yi_9lC1iMzbc80ASH9Wj2HxZa7aqcfKWMtAmpAXutNGTXfZKcxlizXLhgqtrziAxw/s1600/Fig+40+-+Initial+Mag+Chart.jpg" height="145" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 40:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Plot of photometric data.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">In the above plot of
Δv, there is some variation, but even the maximum variation from the green line
denoting the mean value is no more than ±0.024 magnitudes (see <b><i>Table 1</i></b>)!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shortly there will be a discussion of why
and how the error bars in the plot should be extended.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only the raw Δv magnitude differences shown
in <b><i>Table 1</i></b> and plotted in <b><i>Figure 40 </i></b>are needed for
obtaining valid final research results in cases where all of the research data
comes from one observatory using one telescope/CCD setup. (Warner 28)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, colour transformation calculations
to change the raw magnitude difference to a standard magnitude difference must
be done if this data is to be mixed with data obtained from other
observatories, and that issue is what will be covered next. (Warner 28; Benson 42)</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The aforementioned
USNO online database was used to obtain the colour characteristics of the stars
that are most prominent within the images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Here is a table with all prominent stars labelled in decreasing
brightness (increasing magnitude) order <b>C1</b>, <b>C2</b>, <b>C3</b> and <b>C4</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I added columns for colour indices titled <b>(B-V)</b>,
<b>(V-R)</b> and <b>(V-I)</b> that may be used later.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .95in;" width="91"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">Star</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">B</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">V</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">R</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" width="55"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">I</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">(B-V)</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">(V-R)</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">(V-I)</span></b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN-AU">Gliese 876</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">11.77</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">10.27</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">9.39</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" width="55"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">8.57</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">1.50</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">2.38</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">1.70</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN-AU">C1</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">14.89</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">14.36</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">14.22</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" width="55"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">13.38</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">0.53</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">0.67</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">0.98</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN-AU">C2</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">17.58</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">16.32</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">15.56</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" width="55"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">15.10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">1.26</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">2.02</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">1.22</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN-AU">C3</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">18.05</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">16.83</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">16.56</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" width="55"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">16.46</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">1.22</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">1.49</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">0.37</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN-AU">C4</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">17.25</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">16.97</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">16.65</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" width="55"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">16.61</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">0.28</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">0.60</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU">0.36</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Table 2:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Standard magnitudes of stars in
images and calculated differences.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-AU">It is not unusual for one observatory to want to blend its data with
the data obtained from one or more other observatories to obtain greater
confidence in a research outcome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However each observatory will typically have a different filter/CCD
combination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each filter will differ
from a perfect band pass match for the ideal U, B, V, R, or I filters and no
two CCD chips will have exactly the same response over their entire spectrum of
sensitivity; therefore, certain procedures have been developed that are meant
to compensate for this fact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
involve calculations that will effectively convert raw magnitude differences to
standard magnitude differences and allow direct comparison of data from
different observatories. (Benson 42)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
discussion of these calculations will begin in the next paragraph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you are not going to be blending your
observation data with observations done at another location, you can skip to
the part of this documentation labelled <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Analysis of the Photometric Data</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Since there are only
5 of the near infrared I filter images of 2 seconds integration, it is obvious
that they were not included to gather transit data on the target star.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, they must be there solely to obtain
a <i>transformation coefficient</i> to be used in the above-mentioned colour
related calculations. (Benson 44)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
low band optical R filter images were also too few for transit analysis and
therefore must have been supplied for the same reason as the I filter
images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the R filter images
were rejected as unsuitable because their FITS headers revealed that they were
of varying integration times and at least one of the images whose filename
indicated it was an R filter image was actually taken with an I filter
according to its header.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The idea behind the
colour related calculations is to adjust for differences in a real world
filter/CCD combination that stray away from the theoretical ideal filter/CCD
combination and to compensate for the normal decrease in redness to which any
star is subjected as it travels from the direction of the eastern horizon to
the meridian and the reddening that occurs as the star transits from the
meridian toward the western horizon. (Benson 42; Warner 29)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The same master bias frame and scaling
master dark frame used with the V filter images were employed to calibrate the I
filter images, but another flat-field image had to be made from raw I filter
flat images of 3 second integration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After calibrating the I filter images in the manner described earlier,
several problematic issues arose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Remember that it was mentioned earlier that comparison stars should
ideally have an SNR of at least 100 which should give an error of about ±0.01
magnitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The brightest star (other
than Gliese 876 itself) in the I filter images is C1 and its best SNRs in that
band were in the upper 50s, an SNR that offers at best an error of around ±0.02
magnitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The best SNR for C2 was
around 20 for an error of ±0.05 magnitudes and it was much worse for C2, C3,
and C4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given this fact, the only stars
that could be of real use in colour compensation would be Gliese 876 itself, C1
and <i>possibly</i> C2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The above
magnitude errors were obtained using the formula: σ = 1.0857 / SNR. (Berry and
Burnell 278)</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">It appears that this
is a situation where there is no choice but to do colour compensation by
observing only a few stars through two filters (V and I) with one or two of
those stars having low SNRs, when it is standard practice to perform this
operation on a sizeable number of high SNR stars with several filters. (Benson
48)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the R filter images had not been
of such questionable quality, this may not have been a major issue, but as it
is the I filter images are the only ones that can possibly be used for the
transform calculations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The situation is
such that the colour transformation operation could yield less than optimal
results.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Again, remember that
in differential photometry, the <i>difference</i> in magnitudes is what is most
important.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The following equation can be
used for the colour transformation to allow V raw magnitude differences to be
converted to true V standard magnitude differences:</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">ΔV</span><span lang="EN-AU"> = Δv + T<sub>vi</sub> * Δ(V-I)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Benson 45; Warner 49)</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">In the above
formula, T<sub>vi</sub> is the previously mentioned transformation
coefficient.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Δ(V-I) is the difference
between the V-I colour indices of the comparison and target stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Benson mathematically proves on the same page
cited above that no terms involving airmass need to be considered in the above
equation because they cancel out during the formula’s derivation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">However to use this
formula requires that one first know T<sub>vi</sub>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If one plots the officially accepted values
for V-I of each star on the X axis and the instrumental difference v-i on the Y
axis, then T<sub>vi</sub> will be the inverse of the slope of the best-fit
regression line through the points. (Benson 46)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To derive the slope it was first necessary to find out which of the
usable V and I images were contemporaneous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Only three of the I filter images were used because the other two were
of very poor quality as defined by stellar SNRs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><i>Table 3</i></b> reveals this
information.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
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<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">V Image</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">UT</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">I Image</span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU">UT</span></b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">X2253V2470020</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">18:59:20</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">X2253I2470022</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">19:01:38</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">X2253V2470029</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">19:30:13</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">X2253I2470031</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">19:32:21</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">X2253V2470037</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">19:59:52</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">X2253I2470039</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">20:01:53</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Table 3:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Usable contemporaneous V and I
images.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Using the methods
outlined earlier, instrumental magnitudes were found for the I filter images (V
filter image magnitudes were already available from the photometric run).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An optimum aperture radius of 3.8 was
determined to give the best SNR for the I filter images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet another zero point of 21.52 was obtained
for the I filter images in the manner previously described for the V filter
images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Raw instrumental magnitudes were
gotten for the three stars using MMT.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After that a plot of the necessary data was made in Excel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the table below, C2 is the third brightest
star in the images with the third highest SNR that, because of SNR values in
the 40s in the V band and 20s in the I band, was still a bit iffy to use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, I felt uneasy about using only two
stars to derive the coefficient since a large number of stars are supposed to
be used (Benson 48); therefore, C2 was included despite its less than optimal
SNRs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As was mentioned earlier, SNRs of
other stars were<i> far worse</i>, in the 20s even for the V band and in the
teens and single digits for the I band.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; width: 331px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(230, 230, 230); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in; width: 49.6pt;" valign="bottom" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Star</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(230, 230, 230); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in; width: 49.6pt;" valign="bottom" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">V-I</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(230, 230, 230); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in; width: 49.6pt;" valign="bottom" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">v-i</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(230, 230, 230); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in; width: 49.6pt;" valign="bottom" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">v</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(230, 230, 230); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in; width: 49.6pt;" valign="bottom" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">i</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" valign="bottom"><h6>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU">G876</span></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></h6>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.704</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">2.930</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">10.119</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">7.189</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.704</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">2.826</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">10.193</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">7.367</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.704</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">2.903</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">10.332</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">7.429</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">C1</span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">0.980</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">0.855</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">14.491</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">13.636</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">0.980</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">0.783</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">14.579</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">13.796</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">0.980</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">0.849</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">14.715</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">13.866</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">C2</span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.22</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.304</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">16.429</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">15.125</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.22</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.131</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">16.506</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">15.375</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.22</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">1.138</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">16.645</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">15.507</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Table 4:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> V filter and I filter data for
colour compensation.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZxrxicfzq1ez2Y7XXFyonfIi85Y2mvauRpo-_k_YJ7QVTl0VUlboeIlo-X1PfCaA9C4QiiHUUlkz5z0jNbCpu0ddgCs5-9m0HvoZp4Itl2EjNQcffWXy-p-24O8lwWDzDqpw4tWXKFMM/s1600/Fig+41+-+Regression+Line.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZxrxicfzq1ez2Y7XXFyonfIi85Y2mvauRpo-_k_YJ7QVTl0VUlboeIlo-X1PfCaA9C4QiiHUUlkz5z0jNbCpu0ddgCs5-9m0HvoZp4Itl2EjNQcffWXy-p-24O8lwWDzDqpw4tWXKFMM/s1600/Fig+41+-+Regression+Line.jpg" height="237" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 41:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-AU"> <b>Plot and equation for
the regression line used to derive T<sub>vi</sub>.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Therefore, the above
Excel spreadsheet plot of the data from <b><i>Table 4</i></b> means that T<sub>vi</sub>
is 1 / 2.9373 or approximately 0.340.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Now that T<sub>vi</sub> is known, one can apply the equation for ΔV to
each previously determined Δv within an Excel spreadsheet.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Table 5</span></i></b><span lang="EN-AU"> shows each of the newly figured ΔV difference values along side of
the old raw magnitude difference, Δv.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The source of the larger error bar values in that table will be
explained shortly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 108.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-insideh: 1.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: 1.5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; width: 348px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Image_#</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Julian Day</span></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><h5>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU">ΔV</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></h5>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><h5>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU">Δv</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></span></h5>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><h5>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU">± Error</span></span></h5>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">(SNR+σ)</span></span></b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.229</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.129</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.375</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.017</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.241</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.135</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.381</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.245</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.128</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.374</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">6</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.250</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.117</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.363</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">7</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.255</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.128</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.374</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">8</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.260</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.116</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.362</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">9</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.266</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.117</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.363</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">10</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.270</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.130</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.376</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">11</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.276</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.125</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.371</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">12</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.281</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.140</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.386</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">13</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.285</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.120</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.366</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.288</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.125</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.371</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.291</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.126</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.372</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">16</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.296</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.127</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.373</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">17</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.298</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.126</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.372</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">18</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.302</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.120</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.366</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.017</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">19</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.305</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.125</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.371</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.019</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">20</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.309</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.104</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.350</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.020</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">21</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.313</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.140</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.386</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">22</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.316</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.123</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.369</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">23</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.319</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.120</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.366</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">24</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.324</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.128</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.374</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">25</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.327</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.122</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.368</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">26</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.330</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.129</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.375</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.017</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">27</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.333</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.137</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.383</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.017</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">28</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.337</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.151</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.397</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.016</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 27; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">29</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.341</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.123</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.369</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.017</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 28; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">30</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.344</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.140</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.386</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.017</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 29; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">31</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.348</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.109</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.355</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.017</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 30; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">32</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2453211.351</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.140</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.386</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.020</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 31; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Avg</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.127</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.373</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 32; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Max</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.151</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.397</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 33; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Min</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.104</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4.350</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 34; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Range</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.047</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.047</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 35; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Max-Avg</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.024</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.024</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .75in;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 36; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Avg-Min</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 65.7pt;" valign="bottom" width="88"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.023</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 45.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="61"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">0.023</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Table 5:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Δv magnitude differences
adjusted to ΔV magnitude differences.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">As can be plainly
seen from the above table, though the ΔV values are somewhat lower than their
Δv counterparts, the range between the minimum and maximum values stayed at
0.047 magnitudes, and the greatest distance above or below the average did not
change, as one would expect since a constant value of T<sub>vi</sub> * Δ(V-I) =
0.340 * (0.980 – 1.704) = 0.340*(-0.724) = -0.246 was applied to each raw
Δv.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the computing of Δ(V-I), the
target star’s V-I colour index was subtracted from the comparison star’s colour
index (rather than the other way around) because when the Δv values were
figured the target star’s raw magnitude was subtracted from the comparison
star’s raw magnitude. To emphasize the lack of change in variability, the new
ΔV data is plotted in <b><i>Figure 42</i></b> in order that it can be compared
to the Δv plot in <b><i>Figure 40</i></b>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIpdLvaUU8xhSwFxYUiC-uu999RYQ56XwTJuGK7JNMPr2kwDNZrN7XCp4_NU3F9xrQijza9MFvILKCE1o47WFOqfuSabBl-aSxMoDOx2gBONwiEMy6Ut_frF4Hc9oZu_4LN6AJmUat5VQ/s1600/Fig+42+-V+Std+Chart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIpdLvaUU8xhSwFxYUiC-uu999RYQ56XwTJuGK7JNMPr2kwDNZrN7XCp4_NU3F9xrQijza9MFvILKCE1o47WFOqfuSabBl-aSxMoDOx2gBONwiEMy6Ut_frF4Hc9oZu_4LN6AJmUat5VQ/s1600/Fig+42+-V+Std+Chart.jpg" height="133" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 42:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Plot of photometric data
converted to true V band magnitude differences.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">So the <i>variation</i>
in both charts is identical, as expected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The only advantage this conversion has is that it supposedly yields true
ΔV values (actual V standard magnitude differences) that can be directly
compared with other observatories’ true ΔV values obtained using the same
method. (Benson 42)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, in cases such
as this project where all of the data is coming from a single observatory, such
conversion to a standard magnitude difference is not necessary because the raw
Δv plot reveals the same amount of information about how much the light curve
varied. (Warner 28)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ΔV plot was done
mainly for the sake of completeness of coverage of useful photometry
techniques.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The way things stood
with the low quality of the data obtained from the images that were used for
figuring the transformation coefficient; I would not trust the conversions to
standard magnitudes for direct comparison with results from other
observatories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, since such a
comparison was not to happen in this project and <i>since the conversion would
not affect the all-important variation, the ΔV plot was still usable for the
purposes of this paper with no sacrifice of accuracy in measured magnitude
changes</i>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">By the way, to get
truly reliable colour transformations to standard magnitudes, I might have made
a few <i>special</i> frames for <i>both</i> the V and I filters where the image
of Gliese 876 was <i>purposely saturated</i> so that the exposure would be long
enough for the remainder of the stars to have SNRs above 100 though still be
unsaturated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I then would have had four <i>quality</i>
stars to use for finding a transformation coefficient.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would <i>not</i> have used a magnitude
reading from the pixels of Gliese 876 <i>at all</i> during calculation of the
colour transformation coefficient because of its requisite saturation, but only
used the remaining unsaturated stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of
course, <i>none</i> of the V filter images with a saturated target star would
have been used in the actual photometric run to determine Δv values.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">The above colour
compensation calculations were for what is called <i>first-order</i>
extinction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is also a <i>second</i>-<i>order</i>
extinction colour compensation that may be done, but that is primarily used for
making measurements from B filter and Clear filter images because of their
higher sensitivity to airmass induced differential extinction across the
transmitted wavelength band. (Warner 29-30)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Since there were no B filter or Clear filter images supplied with this
project, second order colour correction was not carried out.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU">Analysis of the Photometric
Data</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: Analysis_of_Data;"></span>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-AU">Given that most of
the variation revealed in either <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Figure 40</i></b> or <b><i>Figure 42</i></b>
has a random look to it, I am loath to say that there is <i>any variation</i>
in the plot that is of other than systematic origin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This idea is bolstered by the fact that, on
much of the chart, the variation seems to go down a relatively large amount
below the average, then usually goes up above the average to an amount of
nearly equal distance, or vice versa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
statistical analysis, such features are the type one normally sees associated
with systemic errors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recall that it has
already been proven that there were episodes of varying cloud haze during the
observation period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The relatively flat
area could be a short episode of relatively constant haze thickness lessening
the change in ΔV or Δv due to the large difference in colour between the
comparison star and the target star.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To
test the constant cloud thickness hypothesis for the relatively flat part of
the plot, I checked the images represented in the flat section and found that
they had a long continuing series of C1 SNRs hovering around 180 and they also
consistently had C1 light curves of similar thickness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To top it off, the most extreme low values in
the plot typically had much lower C1 SNRs in the low 100’s and light curves that
were somewhat thicker than their less extreme counterparts.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">As indicated
earlier, of all of the photometric methods, differential photometry is the <i>least
sensitive</i> to airmass extinction related problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, given that B-V colour indices of two
stars are denoted as CI<sub>1</sub> and CI<sub>2</sub>, then a colour
difference of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(CI<sub>1</sub> - CI<sub>2</sub>)
which is ≥ 1.0 is “… a fairly large color difference that should be avoided <b><i>even</i></b>
with differential photometry.” (Warner 78)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The bold italics are not from Warner but from me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Berry and Burnell generally concur with this
assessment on page 292.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, it
should be pointed out in this case that even if there is a significant
difference between the colour indices of Gliese 876 and the chosen comparison
star, <i>the use of that particular comparison star could not be avoided</i>
because it is the only star other than the target star with the requisite SNR
of greater than 100.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">So is there a large
difference in colour?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Using data from
the USNO database, the B-V colour index (see <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Table 2</i></b>) for Gliese 876
is 11.771-10.274 = 1.497, whilst for the comparison star it is 14.89-14.36 =
0.53.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The difference between the indices
of 0.967 just barely qualifies as OK by Warner’s definition, but is probably
less than optimal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are other stars
in the field that were almost perfect colour index matches for the target star,
but they were much fainter and their low SNRs indicated that they were
unusable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A <i>large</i> colour index
difference between two stars coupled with rapid small changes in airmass should
cause noticeable changes in shorter wavelength extinction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That condition is the reason why, “</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Working with
comparisons that have a large color difference from the target is pushing your
luck too much. Sometimes you have no choice.” (Warner 69)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And this situation appears to be a case where
there was no choice; hence, some accuracy will be lost due to a radical colour
index difference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was concerned that
the amount of induced error from this effect might possibly be enough to
disallow reliable evidence of a planetary transit to be extracted from the
photometric observations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
determined to find a way to compensate for this particular systematic error and
any other systematic errors for which there was initially no compensation.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">The error bar ranges
that were seen in <b><i>Figure 40</i></b>, though good as far as measuring
error induced by signal noise problems, do not address issues related to the
large star colour difference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It should
be further pointed out that I was unable to find out whether or not the comparison
star has any short-term variability; hence, yet another portion of the
systematic error could come from that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Therefore, it seems that the true error for each ΔV or Δv should be the
error induced by signal noise <i>plus</i> the error induced by whatever the
total remaining systematic problem is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to standard statistical procedure, a reasonable estimate of
the unaccounted systematic error should be obtainable by calculating the
standard deviation of the values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Using
Excel’s standard deviation function within the spreadsheet that produced the
last plot gave a standard deviation for ΔV of approximately 0.00987 or 0.01
magnitudes for all intents and purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thus one should add 0.01 magnitudes to the already existing signal noise
error on each side of each error bar and this change is reflected in <b><i>Figure
42</i></b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the reader can see from
that plot, the error bars came to jibe fairly well with the variations after
this method was applied!</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">There is one datum
above the mean line (remember, ideally, a rise in ΔV indicates an increase in
brightness of the target star assuming a constant C1 magnitude) whose error bar
does not touch the mean line. But the points immediately before and after it
are much lower than it is, indicating that it is an unreliable point whose
error bar is not quite long enough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
it had signified the ending of a transit, any lower points that followed it on
the right would be higher than most of the other low points to the left of it
in the plot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, two of the four
points to its right are well below the mean line and one of those two points is
almost as low as the most extreme low point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So the fact that the highest point’s error bar does not quite touch the
mean probably indicates that the added compensation for systematic error is
still off by a very small amount for this particular point.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Of the values under
the mean (the ones that are possible dimming of the target star) there is only
one value whose error bar doesn’t quite reach the green average line. That
point’s error bar may be <i>slightly</i> shorter than it should be because the
point plotted immediately after it is far above the average line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Furthermore, this datum is associated with
image number 20 in <b><i>Table 1</i></b>, whose Δv signal noise magnitude error
(as shown in that table) is higher than in all other images save one and that fact
only reinforces my impression that it’s error bar may be a hair-width too
small.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">Judging by the low
end of the error bar belonging to the lowest plunging point, it appears that
one can be fairly confident that no transit occurred that had a magnitude
plunge of greater than about 0.042 magnitudes below the mean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A transit with a lesser plunge might have
occurred, but that is not possible to know with any certitude because it would
be hidden within the error range of the plot.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">For a typical
extrasolar planetary transit investigation, the range of variation that is here
would be too great to make any valid conclusions, since the variations
typically produced by such a transit would be around three hundredths of a
magnitude (Gary 3) and thus would be hidden within the error range of the
plot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, it is about to be shown
that Gliese 876 is a special case and some <i>very definite</i> conclusions are
about to be drawn as regards to whether or not a planetary transit took place!</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">To see how this can
be the case, one should look at the following plot of possible light curves for
a planet c transit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Shankland et al.
702) The Julian dates are those for a possible transit that was predicted to occur
on another day than the one considered here, but the curves should apply for
any transit of planet c on any other date.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixVd52iWMl9Mb5toAZgO6_zdSYpWu20LefxLMc-Msu73NN3C6BIgHOs-uz6MMH8ZictqgJhgmYzCUQH5i3lUq4AZUtmcXPbXKkIR89_0bWtG-EXMFnSx1G7Ezqz5s_-ku9EXWlvLmIENU/s1600/Fig+43+-+Transit+Curves.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixVd52iWMl9Mb5toAZgO6_zdSYpWu20LefxLMc-Msu73NN3C6BIgHOs-uz6MMH8ZictqgJhgmYzCUQH5i3lUq4AZUtmcXPbXKkIR89_0bWtG-EXMFnSx1G7Ezqz5s_-ku9EXWlvLmIENU/s1600/Fig+43+-+Transit+Curves.jpg" height="295" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU">Figure 43:</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> Possible dimming curves for a
transit by planet c. (Shankland et al. 702)</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">In the above plot,
solid curves represent periastron transits whilst dotted curves stand for
apastron transits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The deepest dip for
each type of curve represents an orbital inclination of <i>i=90º</i> with each
successive line upward being a tenth of a degree less.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I added the red horizontal line to mark the
lower end of the uncertainty that was obtained from the end of the lowest error
bar in the plot of <b><i>Figure 42</i></b> to allow the determination of which
curves may be definitely excluded. The very darkest peristron curve is really
the two curves for <i>i=90º</i> and <i>i=89.9º</i> that are plotted almost on
top of each other. <i>The maximum possible dimming due to a transit of planet c
is 0.13 magnitudes, well beyond the range of the values that were
photometrically obtained in this project!</i></span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Why such a large
possible dip?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As was mentioned before,
Gliese 876 is a very small class M dwarf and if planet c were at a transit
inclination it would be roughly of Jupiter’s size.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Shankland et al. 701-702)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From this fact it is obvious that the
relative size of the planet to the primary would be much greater than normal;
therefore, the transiting planet would cut off a greater fraction of the
primary’s light.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Recall that the
maximum possible dip below average in the photometrically obtained plot of the
University of Tasmania data is 0.042 magnitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Going by <b><i>Figure 43</i></b> one may
definitely conclude that no periastron transits occurred for inclinations in
the range of around 89.26º to 90º and no apastron transits happened with
inclinations of about 89.52º to 90º.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
implication, transits occupying the gamut of inclination ranges in between
these two orbital positions are also ruled out instantly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, logic dictates that the apastron
exclusion range of 89.52º to 90º implies that indeed <b><i>no</i></b> transit
occurred in that particular range of inclinations regardless of the planet’s
relative orbital position at the time!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Again, the error range in the ΔVs preclude any certain conclusions
concerning the smallest inclinations shown above the red line in <b><i>Figure 43</i></b>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">One can only imagine
how much more information could have been gleaned from the data if the subject
images had been more meticulously produced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is possible that <i>all</i> of the curves in the Shankland et al.
plot may have been excluded to prove conclusively that no transit occurred under
any conditions or it might even have been shown that one of the shallower
transits occurred.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However both of these
scenarios are unknowable conjecture.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Summary of conclusions drawn from the data</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">The FITS image
headers indicate that the images were shot on July 24, 2004.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This date coincides with a possible transit
of Gliese 876 by planet c. (Shankland et al. 702)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hence, I assumed that the detection of a
transit by planet c was the object of the observations.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Evidence of some
degree of a lack of stringent attention to detail by the original producers of
the images initially shook my confidence as to whether or not useful data could
be gotten from the images.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">For instance,
certain comments in the header of the FITS files were for Eta Bootis rather than
Gliese 876.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, subsequent
examination of actual data stored in the header along with a chart obtained
from the USNO database proved that the images were indeed of the field
surrounding Gliese 876.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Another disturbing
thought is the possibility that there may have been less than careful handling
of the CCD camera by an operator whose sneeze particle <i>may</i> exist on the
camera window.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether from a sneeze or
not, this blotch was caused by something from the external environment that
came to be adhered to the window. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before
I attach my own CCD camera to my telescope, I always examine the condition of
the window and clean it if necessary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Furthermore, a less than optimal number of flat-field frames were shot
and <i>no</i> dark flats were made, making signal-to-noise ratios in the final
images lower than they had to be. Also, the lack of tightly controlled drive
guiding necessitated that I translate the images into better alignment so that
AIP4WIN’s <i>Magnitude Measurement Tool</i> could perform its automated functionality
properly. Finally, the specified time in FITS files did not follow the
officially recommended specification, necessitating that I make the necessary
adjustment to the image files so that Julian dates would be displayed correctly
and the images plotted in correct chronological order under AIP4WIN.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">It was determined
that the CCD camera used was of the temperature-controlled variety.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This meant that the production of a scaling
dark frame was necessary.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">On the plus side,
the bias and dark frames supplied were of fine quality and allowed the creation
of high quality master bias and scaling master dark frames.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, what flat-field frames that were shot
were exposed to the requisite half maximum of saturation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These facts kept the lack of a first rate
master flat-field frame from being a worse problem than it was.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">All image frames
were checked for star saturation with the <b>Single Star Photometry</b>
function, and any that contained a saturated image of Gliese 876 were excluded
from the photometric study.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conclusive
evidence of a thin layer of haze in the sky that night was obtained when the <b><i>Star
Image Tool</i>’</b>s light profile function revealed that cloud particles were
scattering light away from the central star disk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few images that revealed scattering at a
detrimental level were rejected under the criterion that the comparison star
should not have a signal-to-noise ratio less than 100. (Berry and Burnell 296;
Warner 34) </span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Because there were
no comparison images of parts of the sky other than the field containing the
target, it is obvious that the University of Tasmania observers intended
differential photometry to be used in their analysis. There are three reasons
why the choice of this method was a good decision:</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">The fact that accurate
differential photometry may be done through thin clouds. (Berry and Burnell
293)</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">It is simpler to implement than
other methods. (Warner 32)</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Atmospheric extinction issues,
such as cloud variation and airmass, affect it less than any of the other
photometric methods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, a radical
difference in the star colour of the target and comparison star can sometimes
introduce a certain amount of a special type of airmass induced extinction for,
not just differential photometry, but <i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>other methods</i> of photometry as well.
(Berry and Burnell 279; Warner 32-33)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is recommended that a comparison star of radically contrasting colour be
avoided, since there is little that may be done to counter the detrimental
effect because some extinction beyond normal proportions will occur with small
airmass changes. (Warner 69)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Stating point 3
above in other words, because the comparison star is assumed to be of constant
brightness, <i>any variation in the difference in magnitudes of the target star
and comparison star is presumed to be solely from changes in the true
brightness of the target star</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
relative insensitivity of the difference between the magnitudes of the
comparison star and the target star to atmospheric extinction means that <i>variations
in this difference are a better indicator of real changes in target star
brightness than the instrumentally measured magnitude of the target star</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By contrast, the instrumentally measured
magnitude of a star can change over a wide range of magnitudes due to
variations in cloud thickness and airmass and thus would not be a reliable
measurement of a real change in brightness of the star.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The <b><i>Magnitude
Measurement Tool</i></b> was used to do the following:</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Enter and store relevant
information about the observatory and instrumentation used to obtain the images.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Choose images to be
photometrically measured.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Set optimum aperture and
annulus radii.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Adjust the magnitude zero point
so that raw instrumental magnitudes would automatically come out close to their
true standard magnitude counterparts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Enter relevant catalogue data
on the target and comparison stars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Indicate to the software where
the subject stars were to be found in an image.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Choose the type of output
report in which the final analysis data is to appear.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">Initiate execution of the
automated photometric measurement of the entire series of images with the
resulting data instantly placed into a log file.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Only one star other
than Gliese 876 had a high enough signal-to-noise ratio for it to be used as a
comparison star for differential photometry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thus, the extra accuracy check that additional comparison stars would
normally provide was not available because of the poor SNRs of the remaining
stars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">After converting the
log file containing the photometric results into an Excel spreadsheet, a graph
was made of the difference in raw magnitude between the comparison star and the
target star- a quantity called Δv.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
values may have been somewhat adversely affected by the fact that the target
and companion stars were of significantly different colour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, as mentioned before, the extremely
low signal-to-noise ratios of the other stars in the image field makes it
impractical to use a different comparison star.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Also, the situation
was further complicated by the fact I could not find out whether or not the one
comparison star that was used has a short-term variability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This issue could have been directly
addressed if more than one comparison star could have been chosen, because the
difference between the cumulative magnitude of the other comparison stars and
the main comparison star would have revealed such variability. (Berry and
Burnell 294)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless, I was able to
address this issue and other possible systematic errors via statistical means
in the final phases of data analysis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Gliese 876’s meagre inherent
maximum variability of about 0.05 magnitudes over a period of approximately
1000 days (Shankland 703) implies a rough change over the 500 day transition
from maximum to minimum or vice versa of somewhere near 0.0001 magnitude/day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hence, this inherent variability should be of
no concern because such a miniscule difference would be undetectable over the
one night during which the research images were acquired.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Of the V, R, and I
filter images, the R filter images had to be rejected out of hand because their
FITS file headers revealed conflicting characteristics between the images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These problems included inconsistent
integration times and even one frame that was supposed to be R filter that was
actually I filter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Only raw Δv
magnitude differences need be done to obtain accurate final results. (Warner
28)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, if results are going to be
compared to results obtained from other observatories, colour transformation
calculations should be done. (Warner 28; Benson 42)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I applied the techniques that are supposed to
compensate for filter/CCD induced colour differences and the reddening effects
of the atmosphere due to increasing airmass by using the I filter images and V
filter images that were included for that purpose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This procedure was supposed to produce
standard ΔV magnitude differences from the raw instrumental Δv magnitude
differences via the production and application of a <i>transformation
coefficient</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Normally, the ΔV
magnitude differences should be directly comparable to other observatories’ ΔV
observations of the same target and comparison star during the same time
period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, because of the lack of
quality data for the transformation calculations, using them for comparing data
with other observatories could prove problematic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I suggested a method that could have
prevented this problem that involves making a few V filter and I filter images
solely for colour transformation purposes with intentionally saturated Gliese
876 pixels and longer exposed unsaturated other stars with resulting higher and
more usable SNRs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gliese 876 would then
not be used to get a colour transformation coefficient, just the other
stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The few special V filter images
obtained to figure the transformation coefficient would not be used with the
other V filter images during the main photometric run because of the saturation
of Gliese 876.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Since the colour
transformation calculations only add a constant value to each Δv to obtain ΔV
and the variations are the same for a plot of <i>either</i> ΔV or Δv (Warner
28), any inaccuracy in that constant value does not affect the accuracy of the
observed variation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The validity of this
logic is bolstered by the ΔV results in <b><i>Table 5</i></b> and <b><i>Figure
42</i></b> which show the same variation as in the Δv results in <b><i>Table 1</i></b>
and <b><i>Figure 40</i></b>. Therefore, the accuracy of any conclusions about
change in magnitude of the target star that would be made from the ΔV plot <i>would
be no different</i> from what they would be for the Δv plot, even if the ΔV
values were derived with a suboptimal transformation coefficient caused by the
problems mentioned in the previous paragraph.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The relatively
random appearance of the amplitude of the magnitude difference curve above and
below the average value is indicative of a systematically induced error and
statistical calculations were done to compensate for this error.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They revealed a maximum probable distance
below the mean of the light curve of 0.42 magnitudes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">A plot of <i>possible</i>
transit magnitude drops outlined a predicted maximum permissible dip of as much
as 0.13 magnitudes for a periastron transit of planet c! (Shankland et al.
702)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After drawing the conclusion from
statistical calculations that all of the variation in the plot is probably from
nontransit sources, it can be soundly established that the following ranges of
transits of planet c can be ruled out:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>periastron transits with orbital inclinations of 89.26º to 90º, apastron
transits between inclinations of 89.52º to 90º, and the series of ranges for
relative orbital positions in between periastron and apastron.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By implication, it is established with
certitude that <b><i>no</i></b> transit occurred with an inclination greater
than the extreme end of the ascertainable apastron range; i.e., above
89.52º.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, transits involving
the inclination/orbital position values whose curves reach an extreme less than
0.042 magnitudes cannot be ruled out, but would be unobservable within the
systematic error.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">No one can ascertain
how much more information could have been obtained had more stringent
methodology been followed in the production of the subject images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It might have been possible to prove
conclusively that no transit happened at all under any circumstances or that
one of the shallower transits occurred that is now hidden amongst the error in
the data plot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As things stand, both of
these scenarios are unknowable conjecture.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">I learned a lot
about issues related to CCD photometry during the course of this research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am <i>almost glad</i> that many of the data
sources were less than optimal because I feel I learned more from overcoming
the associated problems than I would have otherwise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is my hope to try another transit
photometry project at some time in the future with more meticulously produced
data sources.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">This marks the end
of the final instalment of my stellar photometry tutorial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is my hope that the documented steps of my
work on Gliese 876 will be of aid to both amateur and professional astronomers
who are about to try stellar photometry for the first time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">References</span></b><span lang="EN-AU"></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">AAVSO, <i>CCD Camera Skills</i>, <a href="http://www.aavso.org/observing/programs/ccd/manual/3.shtml">http://www.aavso.org/observing/programs/ccd/manual/3.shtml</a>
(2009)</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Benson, Priscilla, “Transformation Coefficients for Differential
Photometry”, <i>I.A.P.P.P. Communications</i>, 72 (1998) 42-52</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Berry, Richard and James Burnell, <i>Handbook of Astronomical Image
Processing</i>, (2006) Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, USA</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Brown, Michael, <i>Flat Fielding Dithered Data</i>, <a href="http://www.ph.unimelb.edu.au/~mbrown/ccd/pfrancis/node14.html">http://www.ph.unimelb.edu.au/~mbrown/ccd/pfrancis/node14.html</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1996)</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">FWG
(FITS Working Group), <i>Definition of the Flexible Image Transport System
(FITS)</i>, International Astronomical Union, (2008) 1-131</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Gary, Bruce, <i>Exoplanet Observing for Amateurs</i>, (2007) Reductionist
Publications, Hereford, Arizona, USA</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Shankland, P.D., E.J. Rivera, G. Laughlin, D.L. Blank, A. Price, B.
Gary, R. Bissinger, F. Ringwald, G. White, G.W. Henry, P. Mc Gee, A.S. Wolf, B.
Carter, S. Lee, J. Biggs, B. Monard, and M.C.B. Ashely, “On the Search for
Transits of the Planets Orbiting Gliese 876”, <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>,
653 (2006) 700-707</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Walker, E. Norman, <i>CCD Photometry</i>, <a href="http://britastro.org/vss/ccd_photometry.htm">http://britastro.org/vss/ccd_photometry.htm</a>
(2007)</span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFooter" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Warner, Brian D., <i>A Practical Guide to Light Curve Photometry and
Analysis</i>, (2006) Springer Science + Business Media, Inc, New York, New
York, USA</span></div>
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Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-7123596359147009392014-12-12T10:00:00.000-08:002014-12-18T08:21:57.546-08:00Photometry with AIP4WIN: a TutorialPart 4 - Image Calibration<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
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By R.D. Boozer</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The following three images depict actual
final master frames produced when AIP4WIN processed the supplied raw FITS
files.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzowhvi-rfVnjrvGt2wckcBDMB1Y0nMdn_u-aECsq4uWGeC3kuuGD2lMZ7RuBQuANqCwGDBSoFN7HOtO8z5k8tlZ-BZN9OH_xQL3sgx51wdqSl9evmI9E-9FjCYHCTFP8KWtudYSaMaS0/s1600/Fig+16+-+Master+Bias.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzowhvi-rfVnjrvGt2wckcBDMB1Y0nMdn_u-aECsq4uWGeC3kuuGD2lMZ7RuBQuANqCwGDBSoFN7HOtO8z5k8tlZ-BZN9OH_xQL3sgx51wdqSl9evmI9E-9FjCYHCTFP8KWtudYSaMaS0/s1600/Fig+16+-+Master+Bias.jpg" height="309" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 14:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The final master bias frame.</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4E_WxgDMS-Ol0M-NgUyUPwJNXhNIE58tNBfCRfz3MqRCyMlCenAerDwlohGalfyij9KdekTh6-lgpKXda5lPkTQW8Nt6q3udPVj1LilHZC0w5KZZMfCF0fY6ZEbgvwNQ5_UGxDGdwDGs/s1600/Fig+17+-+Master+scaling+dark+frame.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4E_WxgDMS-Ol0M-NgUyUPwJNXhNIE58tNBfCRfz3MqRCyMlCenAerDwlohGalfyij9KdekTh6-lgpKXda5lPkTQW8Nt6q3udPVj1LilHZC0w5KZZMfCF0fY6ZEbgvwNQ5_UGxDGdwDGs/s1600/Fig+17+-+Master+scaling+dark+frame.jpg" height="311" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 15:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The final scaling master dark
frame</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNuEyvB22JMCDOw638xRkHkGtvqt48Ek4QV9aRkGnpSXMDrWQWtAE011_Qtr9jgUTUc0xQvY_hH5Lh7bHrvrxt_A1seDoE7ObmLEv7TjDmnj1wS65QejM2rWM0nMSGPR9y_N4Hql3QyxI/s1600/Fig+18+-+Master+Flat.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNuEyvB22JMCDOw638xRkHkGtvqt48Ek4QV9aRkGnpSXMDrWQWtAE011_Qtr9jgUTUc0xQvY_hH5Lh7bHrvrxt_A1seDoE7ObmLEv7TjDmnj1wS65QejM2rWM0nMSGPR9y_N4Hql3QyxI/s1600/Fig+18+-+Master+Flat.JPG" height="309" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 16:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Final master flat-field frame
with the V filter.</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The master bias and scaling master dark
frames shown in <b><i>Figures 14</i></b> and <b><i>15</i></b> do not really
reveal any important information to a human viewing them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They don’t need to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They exist solely for the software to
optimize the image by eliminating electronically generated artefacts that are
beyond a human being’s control.</span></div>
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However,
the master flat-field frame is a different story since it may sometimes reveal
problems that are the result of human negligence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the illustration depicting the master
flat-field frame, I have labelled a number of common mostly minor issues that
seldom cause serious problems, since the purpose of the master flat-field frame
is to counter those effects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nevertheless, sometimes imperfections happen due to simple carelessness
and may be so severe that flat-fielding will have difficulty fully correcting
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such is probably the case with the
small solid grey oval labelled “?” that appears near the bottom of the frame
whose darker color indicates that pixels within it got a much lower photon hit
rate than they should have.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As shall be
mentioned later, in regard to an unrelated issue wherein I suspected a bug in
AIP4WIN, I sent copies of my master bias, master dark, and master flat-field
frames to Richard Berry in his role as lead user supporter of AIP4WIN.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a side comment, Mr. Berry brought notice
to the oval saying, “… [it] looks suspiciously like someone sneezed on the
optical window of the CCD camera.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Though the flat-field frame may correct for most of the inaccuracy
caused by such carelessness, it by no means does a perfect job.</div>
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The
reader may have noticed another tab in the series in the <b><i>Calibration
Setup Tool</i></b> that is labelled <b>Defect</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is used to repair cosmetic problems on
images that are not used for scientific purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Applying this function to images used for
astrometry or photometry will compromise the integrity of the image data.
(Berry and Burnell 204)</div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">All V filter images were shot with an
integration time of 20 seconds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
created master bias frame, scaling master dark frame and V filter master
flat-field frame were used to calibrate every V filter stellar image via the <b>Auto-calibrate</b>
option under the <b><i>Calibrate</i></b> menu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An uncalibrated V filter image that has just been loaded is displayed in
<b><i>Figure 17</i></b> with calibration imminent.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6h5g4yvmn-b4cSEXE-kqxoIsSnz6_FOImVO1RDPL3Ibqup9SblenooxLVoQp1VPM-XLHT3kLRyAv774eCj2pf91_3GfRt4YP_WbrM19DKp4hphS7Fn26gMCKZhCLygo30dWYmUkeEIMM/s1600/Fig+19+-+Raw+image+before+calibration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6h5g4yvmn-b4cSEXE-kqxoIsSnz6_FOImVO1RDPL3Ibqup9SblenooxLVoQp1VPM-XLHT3kLRyAv774eCj2pf91_3GfRt4YP_WbrM19DKp4hphS7Fn26gMCKZhCLygo30dWYmUkeEIMM/s1600/Fig+19+-+Raw+image+before+calibration.jpg" height="269" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 17:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> A raw image is about to be
calibrated.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As soon as the <b>Auto-calibrate</b> option
is clicked, all of the master calibration files are applied to the raw stellar
image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is, the master bias frame is
subtracted from it, the scaling master dark frame is scaled to match the
image’s exposure time and then subtracted, and the image’s pixels have the
previously described flat-field scaling algorithm applied to them using the
master flat-field frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An image that
has been fully calibrated in such a manner is shown in <b><i>Figure 18</i>.</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl1b5ZI8zlQW8zjtq-e1psA6FEGmdaRoDLkoJitOakGXrFpilJKYKq5OCb-poVzOHLbS_mSkXbFQIUlzJUrSUC9xFy5Em37_9NxBt1AX7tcZr120HwkHePA7etkxEzHpIHrpDkYexgkX0/s1600/Fig+20+-+Calibrated+Image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl1b5ZI8zlQW8zjtq-e1psA6FEGmdaRoDLkoJitOakGXrFpilJKYKq5OCb-poVzOHLbS_mSkXbFQIUlzJUrSUC9xFy5Em37_9NxBt1AX7tcZr120HwkHePA7etkxEzHpIHrpDkYexgkX0/s1600/Fig+20+-+Calibrated+Image.jpg" height="309" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 18:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> A fully calibrated image.</span></b></div>
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The
letter ‘V’ in the middle of the filename shown in the title bar above the image
designates that it is a V filter image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Of course for I filter and R filter images, there will be either an ‘I’
or ‘R’ in that position.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rightmost
two digits indicate where in the chronological sequence that an image fits;
i.e., image 03 above will be followed by image 04, etc. I added “CF” to the
filename to indicate that it had been calibrated with bias and dark frames and
with flat-fielding applied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
initially disturbed when I saw that the calibrated image came up on the screen
with a low contrast or “washed out” appearance and I suspected either a bug in
AIP4WIN or that I prepared one or more of the master frames incorrectly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was at this point when I sent copies of
his master frames and an image calibrated with them to Richard Berry, co-author
of and lead user supporter for AIP4WIN.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Berry offered assurance that I had produced a good calibrated image and
went on to remark in the same email, “Always think QUANTITATIVELY with
astronomical images -- never trust the appearance on the screen<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New";">.</span>”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though I found Berry’s comments somewhat
reassuring, I felt the need to empirically prove that the calibrated image was
significantly better than the original.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After some consideration, I came up with the idea of seeing if there was
a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio going from the raw image to
the calibrated one.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNCQ_FW6HVSRZLWYwMVvhLmIwZTwCi23A3WU_GQ1WH0e16OMxscSM4t18lFMS1G_InvHxcJ5XFw2qu9T-XjfCFWOUM2NXA2lF3KwslLlaKTj6aqLbiP5uY9-nYA7SnQXx5uJiqgpTfqqc/s1600/Fig+21+-+SNR+of+uncalibrated.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNCQ_FW6HVSRZLWYwMVvhLmIwZTwCi23A3WU_GQ1WH0e16OMxscSM4t18lFMS1G_InvHxcJ5XFw2qu9T-XjfCFWOUM2NXA2lF3KwslLlaKTj6aqLbiP5uY9-nYA7SnQXx5uJiqgpTfqqc/s1600/Fig+21+-+SNR+of+uncalibrated.jpg" height="281" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 19:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Getting the SNR of a star in the
raw image.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As shown in <b><i>Figure 19</i></b>, the <b>Single
Star Photometry</b> function was used on a raw image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was invoked under the <b><i>Measure</i></b>
menu by clicking the <b>Photometry</b> option and then choosing the <b>Single
Star</b> suboption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last action
caused the depicted dialog box to appear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After a star is clicked in the image, a number of data are given under
the <b>Details</b> tab, one of which is the signal-to-noise ratio of the
selected star that is indicated to be around 65.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next an identical series of actions were
repeated for the calibrated image using the same star.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHREht7_Q-A-BgxhK2TsbO_sNB75kyuLSZotntbZ419lLwfeaocDcdekHTQgkN9J-8_xNWyMbDrhV28FW_Ftd3yFkgXwvBnYlbNFKceLM1B84OhDxCv5M3oquGV4RFSeUGfQ5qYeSYNSU/s1600/Fig+22+-+SNR+of+calibrated.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHREht7_Q-A-BgxhK2TsbO_sNB75kyuLSZotntbZ419lLwfeaocDcdekHTQgkN9J-8_xNWyMbDrhV28FW_Ftd3yFkgXwvBnYlbNFKceLM1B84OhDxCv5M3oquGV4RFSeUGfQ5qYeSYNSU/s1600/Fig+22+-+SNR+of+calibrated.jpg" height="312" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 20:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Getting the SNR of the same star
in the calibrated image.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The SNR of the same star in the calibrated
image is about 152.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Approximately 2.4
times greater than in the raw image!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
appears that calibration was indeed a success.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Two V filter images were immediately rejected
without even checking them I was told beforehand that Gliese 876 was saturated
in those images: X2253V2470028.fits, and X2253V2470048.fits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It should also be mentioned that all other
images exposed with all filters were examined to see whether or not they
contained a saturated star image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
procedure that I followed for determining this condition will now be outlined.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJIWBsSr2W7tE7QicQ-qq-a8SorsLuNldR7M8e0gpqXdi5OqI9e0dQZcWt_85FXFMyMxEOwUEBU44HMDD7npYrKST-Wn4-dcneIogpCO41D1d7Yv2Ix669tDMPqCODq6B_afizL7kwbBg/s1600/Fig+24+-+Only+one+comp+star.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiROqes6-nfhMjcOJTmrF0RVsXV8mPz8UbWDV6wW-J2ERq4_1yxFNALSseC52Uqtsnbg55i0gH7Ngb8B0Hji5hQqsOhgxYC8jiASwkkEZHXIYKekVUbXBsNvTl0B0o0FPn6QkkrUfHFgmk/s1600/Fig+23+-+Check+for+saturation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiROqes6-nfhMjcOJTmrF0RVsXV8mPz8UbWDV6wW-J2ERq4_1yxFNALSseC52Uqtsnbg55i0gH7Ngb8B0Hji5hQqsOhgxYC8jiASwkkEZHXIYKekVUbXBsNvTl0B0o0FPn6QkkrUfHFgmk/s1600/Fig+23+-+Check+for+saturation.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 21:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Checking for saturation of
Gliese 876.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">First, the image to be checked was loaded and
the <b><i>Single Star Photometry</i></b> function was invoked as described
earlier; however, the <b>Result</b> tab was used this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The brightest star in the image (that was
always Gliese 876) was clicked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
case of all other V images, I found that the peak pixel value for that star was
significantly less than the saturation value of 65535.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As an educated guess, I would say that since
the flat frame cannot do a perfect correction for pixel variation, any image
should be rejected if the peak of the target star is higher than the upper
50,000s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In <b><i>Figure 21</i></b>,
one can see that the star’s peak pixel value is 41973.9 and so the image is a
good candidate for photometry.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the V filter images, the target star,
Gliese 876, is the most prominent star.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In a few of the images, either only one star other than the target star
is visible or some others were fairly faint.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In all of the rest of the images four other stars are prominently
visible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><i>Figure 22</i></b>
depicts one of the worst images where there is only one star other than Gliese
876 that is plainly visible and that is the star to the far right.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJIWBsSr2W7tE7QicQ-qq-a8SorsLuNldR7M8e0gpqXdi5OqI9e0dQZcWt_85FXFMyMxEOwUEBU44HMDD7npYrKST-Wn4-dcneIogpCO41D1d7Yv2Ix669tDMPqCODq6B_afizL7kwbBg/s1600/Fig+24+-+Only+one+comp+star.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJIWBsSr2W7tE7QicQ-qq-a8SorsLuNldR7M8e0gpqXdi5OqI9e0dQZcWt_85FXFMyMxEOwUEBU44HMDD7npYrKST-Wn4-dcneIogpCO41D1d7Yv2Ix669tDMPqCODq6B_afizL7kwbBg/s1600/Fig+24+-+Only+one+comp+star.jpg" height="308" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 22:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> One of several V images that
show only one other star than Gliese 876.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Why are there some images where only the
target star and one other star are prominent, though in the remaining images
the other stars are plainly visible?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
seeing conditions were relatively constant throughout the night, there should
be the same number of prominent stars visible in each frame, since the images
were all shot with the same integration time.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The two worst offenders are images
X2253V2470001 and X2253V2470004.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To
investigate what is going on, I looked closely at these images and compared
them to images where more stars were prominent.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For example, the fact that only the brightest
stars are showing in image X2253V2470004 might lead me to suspect that a thin
cloud layer obscures the other stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But is there a way to empirically prove that?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To get the necessary evidence to check this
hypothesis, a test was done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
comparison was made between image number X2253V2470004 (which is depicted in <b><i>Figure
22</i></b> as a one of the frames showing only Gliese 876 and the comparison
star) and image X2253V2470005 (that is one of the frames showing at least five
prominent stars).</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The light profile of the star to the right of
Gliese 876 in the five star image X2253V2470005 appears in <b><i>Figure 23</i></b>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEe4bAWlBtlI5ANld1_ynFLztiR-OyCuUbnpMyPnwDY39tJKT0b5zVJGEcC7l94o7VjUiR6auAt2av61LASLm6eKYP8bpF3v2sHA23XBDtWJYviMktUZO1wdA0IEYKRC46YpIXEnX2Ggg/s1600/Fig+25+-+Thin+light+profile.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEe4bAWlBtlI5ANld1_ynFLztiR-OyCuUbnpMyPnwDY39tJKT0b5zVJGEcC7l94o7VjUiR6auAt2av61LASLm6eKYP8bpF3v2sHA23XBDtWJYviMktUZO1wdA0IEYKRC46YpIXEnX2Ggg/s1600/Fig+25+-+Thin+light+profile.jpg" height="293" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 23:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Light profile of a star from an
image showing several stars.</span></b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The above pictured dialog box was invoked by
going to the <b><i>Measure</i></b> menu, clicking the <b>Star Image Tool</b>
option, selecting the <b>Shape</b> tab and finally clicking the star to be
measured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This causes a plot of ADU
counts for the star at increasing pixel radii from the centre of the star.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Now compare the plot above to the plot of the
light profile of the same star in the two star image X2253V2470004 that follows
in <b><i>Figure 24</i></b>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4h4Y7GV47uOloP6zkpQFTt5WF4kRxZ6LfmV5Jwn4LeilMXnQL9edZwhmYrQ5iVlt70i1WpeZEMMuBZnqTfPeC3pVMXGiKkfmTVAju-Dh_Qlmt7W7I-elPnpy6NqWXsOYk5_WE72dWvwU/s1600/Fig+26+-+Thick+light+profile.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4h4Y7GV47uOloP6zkpQFTt5WF4kRxZ6LfmV5Jwn4LeilMXnQL9edZwhmYrQ5iVlt70i1WpeZEMMuBZnqTfPeC3pVMXGiKkfmTVAju-Dh_Qlmt7W7I-elPnpy6NqWXsOYk5_WE72dWvwU/s1600/Fig+26+-+Thick+light+profile.jpg" height="291" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Figure 24:</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Light profile of C1 from an
image showing only two stars.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Notice how the light profile of the same star
obtained from the image with several stars is relatively tight and thin, whilst
the other light profile from the image with only two stars has a curve that is
thicker and more diffuse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latter
curve is exactly the kind of curve one would expect to see if the starlight is
being diffused by a cloud!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Light that
would have been thinly concentrated at each particular radius is being
scattered by cloud particles over several radii.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>X2253V2470001 is another image with only two
prominent stars and it too showed a “fuzzy” light profile similar to <b><i>Figure
24</i></b>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The light profile of the same star in images
X2253V2470003, X2253V2470045 and X2253V2470049 also shows a lot of fuzziness,
but the curve line is not as thick in these and would indicate that the cloud
layer was thinner than it was when images X2253V2470001 and X2253V2470004 were
taken.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The inescapable conclusion: a
cloud layer is the culprit for the severe magnitude discrepancies.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is a well established precedent that
accurate differential photometry may be carried out through “haze or light
clouds” (Berry and Burnell 293)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given
that fact, was the haze or cloud level thin enough in the remaining images to
allow the possibility of valid results?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The accepted practice to check for this condition is to make sure that
the target star and at least one other star has a signal-to-noise ratio of 100
or greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Berry and Burnell 296)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This issue is very important because SNRs of
100 or higher are required to obtain accurate data on a light curve with an
amplitude around 0.1 magnitudes or below, such as extrasolar planetary
transits. (Warner 34)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After performing
this check on all of the V filter images, the only images that did not meet
this qualification were X2253V2470001, X2253V2470003, X2253V2470045 and
X2253V2470049.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, if these are
excluded from the set, what is left is a set of images suitable for
differential photometry for this project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, even these images are such that the remaining 3 prominent stars
have SNRs far below 100, meaning a restriction to having only one comparison
star.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Because there were no comparison images of
parts of the sky other than the field containing the target, it is obvious that
the University of Tasmania observers intended differential photometry to be
used in their analysis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my opinion
this was a wise decision because differential photometry has three primary
advantages: 1) accurate differential photometry may be done through thin
clouds, 2) it is simpler to implement than other methods (Warner 32) and 3)
atmospheric extinction issues affect it less than any of the other photometric
methods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, as long as the target
and comparison star have similar colors, atmospheric extinction effects are
essentially totally eliminated!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
condition is true because all stars in the image are of necessity shot through
the same filter, at the same time and are close enough to each other that they
are thus subject to essentially the same airmass. (Berry and Burnell 279,
Warner 32-33)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately, it is not
always possible for the target star and comparison star to be of similar
colour, and this issue will be discussed later.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The importance of point number 3 above cannot
be over emphasized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It implies some
important principles that will be empirically obvious in the final photometric
data shown later in this tutorial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
most basic of these principles is that the <i>difference</i> between the
observed magnitudes of the comparison star and target star is relatively
insensitive to atmospheric changes such as cloud variation and airmass
extinction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since the comparison star is
considered to be of constant brightness, <i>any variation in the difference of
the magnitudes should be coming <b>only</b> from the target star</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, changes in cloud cover and airmass
will cause wide variations in the observed raw magnitude of the target
star.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ergo<i>, the difference in
magnitudes between the comparison star and the target star is a much more reliable
indicator of real changes in the magnitude of the target star than the target
star’s observed raw magnitude</i>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the next instalment of this tutorial, the
method of setting up the actual differential photometry using the Magnitude
Measurement Tool will be described in detail.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">References</span></b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Berry, Richard and James Burnell, <i>Handbook
of Astronomical Image Processing</i>, (2006) Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond,
Virginia, USA </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Warner, Brian D., <i>A Practical Guide to
Light Curve Photometry and Analysis</i>, (2006) Springer Science + Business
Media, Inc, New York, New York, USA </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Copyright 2014 R.D. Boozer</span></b><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-21990035690783787312014-11-03T15:19:00.000-08:002014-11-12T04:59:49.953-08:00The Great SLS Debate<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
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On Sunday, November 16 at 4PM Eastern Standard time, the
globally popular online program <a href="http://thespaceshow.com/">The Space
Show</a> will host a live debate regarding the merits of NASA’s controversial
rocket known as the Space Launch System, AKA SLS.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arguing for SLS will be John Hunt (a former military aerospace professional), while the contrary position will be supported by Rick
Boozer (Space Development Steering Committee member, astrophysicist and author
of the book, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Plundering-NASA-R-D-Boozer/dp/1300939060/ref=tmm_pap_title_0"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Plundering of NASA</i></a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. David Livingston will be the host and
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Its supporters claim that SLS will allow NASA to return to
the Moon and go to points beyond. Its detractors claim it will actually prevent
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money in the process) and thus refer to SLS as “The Rocket to Nowhere”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the latter faction’s contention that
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Tune in to see which side makes the best case about how our
nation’s future in space should be conducted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A recording of the debate will be available for free download a couple
of days after it airs.</div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-69153569306086674492014-09-26T12:15:00.001-07:002015-01-16T09:17:42.188-08:00Photometry with AIP4WIN: a Tutorial – Part 3 Flat-field preparation<!--[if !mso]>
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By R.D. Boozer</div>
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As mentioned earlier, flat-field frames are created to
remove the bad effects of any optical defects in the telescope/camera
system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two most common methods of
shooting flat-field frames are 1) shooting a twilight sky and 2) using what is
called a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">light box</i> (a simple
artificially lit box that can be constructed by the user).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both of these methods are described <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">extensively</i> in Berry and Burnell’s book along
with instructions on how to implement them; therefore, there is no need for me
to cover those details here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, I
will cover what the observer is to do with the flat-field frames after they are
shot.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Before discussion of the implementation of flat-field
frames, it should be mentioned that there were several sets of supplied stellar
images, with each set taken with a different optical filter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those were V, R and I filters which are
centered on 550 nm, 650 mn, and 800 nm wavelengths respectively. (Warner
24)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Magnitudes measured with the V
filter will roughly correlate to traditional visual magnitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Magnitudes with the R or red filter are
measured in the longest wavelengths visible to the human eye, whilst I filter
magnitudes are obtained in near infrared light. Later within a reference
framework, there will also be mention of U and B filters centered on a 365 nm
wavelength and 440 nm wavelength respectively, with U corresponding to near
ultraviolet and B being shorter wavelength visible light that appears primarily
blue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Warner 23)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There may also be mention of a <i>color index</i>,
which is the magnitude of a star measured in one filter subtracted from the
same star’s magnitude in another filter. (Warner 29)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reason for obtaining images in such
varying wavebands will eventually be explained.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Any flat-field frames that are to be used on a stellar image
must have been exposed through the same filter as the image to which it is to
be applied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because most of the supplied
stellar images were taken using the V filter, the creation of a master
flat-field frame will be demonstrated using V filter raw flat-field frames.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Another point that needs to be made is that all flat-field
frames should ideally be exposed with an integration time such that most of the
pixels contain <i>roughly</i> half the saturation value for a pixel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This level of exposure ensures that enough
light has been absorbed to have a strong enough signal, but not close enough to
saturation that the light response in the image is no longer linear. (Berry and
Burnell 182)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given this fact, I went
about checking each of the raw flat-field frames to see if they met this
important criterion before starting the calibration setup.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The explanation of the flat-field part of the
calibration setup will be continued after the description of the
half-saturation evaluation (that was done earlier) of the flat-field frames.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
According to the instructions supplied for the assignment,
the saturation level of the CCD sensor used is 65k, which for computer
equipment such as a CCD chip is 2<sup>16</sup> or 65536.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given this statement, I can attest the
following facts from his previous career as a software engineer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since a reading of 0 is always considered to
be the lowest value in the range, the actual value range for a pixel of the CCD
chip would be 0 to 65k-1 or 0 to 65535 ADU (this is still 65k
possibilities).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So nothing will register
higher than 65535 ADU and thus this value would indicate absolute
saturation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The following screen capture
image illustrates how each raw flat-field frame was checked to see that the
pixels it contained had values somewhere in the vicinity of 65k divided by 2 or
32768 ADU.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
First, the raw flat-field frame was loaded via the <b><i>File</i></b>
menu as one would load any other image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Once the image was loaded, the <b>Pixel Tool</b> option under the <b><i>Measure</i></b>
menu was invoked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <b>Rectangle from
corner</b> radio button is clicked so that the user can drag the mouse to
define the area in the image that he/she wants to check, excluding the
unexposed vertical black strips to either side of the actual exposed image.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5oHbPMEKmEqLQqaRUKGnNZKgAHviN4KVpGCSJYAVgCfdIyPwrywH9dJzuCtm4Tsx_eGtFH3RZk31XJ8U_92wKcjedOPBgawIQiqW6MSkj8eDcdUiIaMLMBuxAqfnNmiCnH9h5woAeN8g/s1600/Fig+12+-+Checking+raw+flat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5oHbPMEKmEqLQqaRUKGnNZKgAHviN4KVpGCSJYAVgCfdIyPwrywH9dJzuCtm4Tsx_eGtFH3RZk31XJ8U_92wKcjedOPBgawIQiqW6MSkj8eDcdUiIaMLMBuxAqfnNmiCnH9h5woAeN8g/s1600/Fig+12+-+Checking+raw+flat.jpg" height="301" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 10:</i></b>
<b>Making sure a flat frame’s pixels are near half saturation.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The minimum value of 17845 would be one of the stray
occasional darkest pixels that have below normal sensitivity and can
essentially be ignored, especially since this is one of the things for which
the flat-field frame was created to compensate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What is important is the median ADU value of
35727, which indicates a value such that approximately half of the pixels in
the image should have an exposure above that value and half below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Considering that fact along with the
indication that the maximum pixel ADU value in the image is 39262, it then
appears that this is a fairly well exposed flat-field frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remember, a value only <i>roughly</i> near
the ideal of one half saturation is necessary; therefore, this flat-frame is
adequate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed, when I checked every
raw flat-field frame for every filter in this manner, all of them were exposed
at a level adequately near the half saturation value.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, all of this was done before the <b><i>Calibration
Setup Tool</i></b> was invoked.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now continuing the discussion of the <b><i>Calibration Setup</i></b>
where it was left off, the <b>Flat</b> tab is clicked and produces what is shown
in the next illustration.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisoUnor3hEedLReLmY4jqMeC_WIWcyaamgC9zRsU92KtEXiTgA5FYvSQLQVMAf3mnJEaM5gw42JRxclVLvnb7vPXrsDNASkxl5FTPGouxMcrHqP3Ax5g9vPTMS9SzfBkkEZ1RhGfupqE4/s1600/Fig+13+-+Initial+Flat+frame+tab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisoUnor3hEedLReLmY4jqMeC_WIWcyaamgC9zRsU92KtEXiTgA5FYvSQLQVMAf3mnJEaM5gw42JRxclVLvnb7vPXrsDNASkxl5FTPGouxMcrHqP3Ax5g9vPTMS9SzfBkkEZ1RhGfupqE4/s1600/Fig+13+-+Initial+Flat+frame+tab.jpg" height="320" width="120" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 11:</i>
The default appearance of the Flat-field frame tab.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Clicking the <b>Select Flat Frame(s)</b> button begins the
selection of the raw flat-field frames for the production of a master
flat-field frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, the actual
selection process is similar to the one followed during the selection of raw
bias frames; therefore, that detail will not be shown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All of the V filter flat-field frames were of
25-second exposure and, as shown earlier, this was a sufficient amount of
integration time to fill the pixels to approximately half saturation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the raw flat-field frames are chosen,
the <b>Flat</b> tab appears similar to thusly:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxG2VVpQO_YGeFoMkNo-32l-ZnfhXnvGbEY3jbl4WoChx6oPJvrVd6_Lk9LQ4R7VH6brnMzOlZSwjMM2ddMnxVb4-K3UB8WqN-5swppi6ImvZBqL3j0t0u16vL66XOtoH9Qkq8VdVd-QE/s1600/Fig+14+-+Flats+selected.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxG2VVpQO_YGeFoMkNo-32l-ZnfhXnvGbEY3jbl4WoChx6oPJvrVd6_Lk9LQ4R7VH6brnMzOlZSwjMM2ddMnxVb4-K3UB8WqN-5swppi6ImvZBqL3j0t0u16vL66XOtoH9Qkq8VdVd-QE/s1600/Fig+14+-+Flats+selected.jpg" height="320" width="119" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 12:</i>
The raw flat-field frames have been selected.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is normally considered optimal to shoot at least 16 raw
flat-field frames to obtain the highest quality master flat-field frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Berry and Burnell 182; AAVSO 3.4)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only 13 V filter raw flat-field frames were
supplied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There could have been an equal
number of what are called <i>flat darks</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> which might improve the final images</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are raw flat-field frames where the
twilight sky is used as the uniform light source and have the same integration
time as the regular flat-field frames.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With these 32 flats (16 flats + 16 flat darks), typical master
flat-field frames have a signal to noise ratio of around 600. (Berry and
Burnell 182)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An SNR of 500 or better is
needed to obtain 0.01 magnitudes accuracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(AAVSO 3.4)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But with the paucity
of flats that were supplied, it will be good fortune if the SNR of the master
flat is half of that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, even given
only fairly transparent seeing conditions, Gliese 876 would be a special case
where planetary transit photometry may not require such extremely precise
magnitude resolutions, for reasons that will be explained later.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Had dark flats been supplied, the <b>Subtract Dark Flat</b>
box would be checked and the <b>Select Flat Dark(s)</b> button clicked to allow
the selecting of the raw flat darks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Instead, the user goes directly to clicking the <b>Process Flat Frame(s)</b>
button to make the software automatically create the master flat-field frame
via averaging of the raw flat-field frames.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A result similar to what you see below presents itself after that
action.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyU9ojz5fPPYL7HCAT2VgQ65-n-gYoZcx3J8_pHXE_OCl0t9LGOyMatgdWY5V3m9g-wm13nP1BLDPDdMc-SPOF7uf3o_AFlksmsAmy5Pd29jv0XxMXQBBx8IxjWSY6gsJXEjMFY4LpTt0/s1600/Fig+15+-+Final+flat+frame+tab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyU9ojz5fPPYL7HCAT2VgQ65-n-gYoZcx3J8_pHXE_OCl0t9LGOyMatgdWY5V3m9g-wm13nP1BLDPDdMc-SPOF7uf3o_AFlksmsAmy5Pd29jv0XxMXQBBx8IxjWSY6gsJXEjMFY4LpTt0/s1600/Fig+15+-+Final+flat+frame+tab.jpg" height="320" width="119" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 13:</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The master flat-field frame has been created
and may be saved.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of course, the user may now click the <b>Save as Master Flat</b>
button to make a permanent copy of the newly generated master flat-field
frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <b>Applied Flatfield
Correction</b> box was automatically checked and indicates that any stellar
image calibrated by AIP4WIN will have the master flat-field frame automatically
applied to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, if for some
reason the user decides (for some reason) he/she does not want the master flat
applied, the box may be unchecked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
for photometry, you definitely want it applied.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Understanding how the master flat-field frame is applied to
the image is important.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But before this
is discussed, the reader may be wondering, “What purpose do the <b>Median
Combine</b> and <b>Normalize Median Combine</b> radio buttons serve?”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some observers contend that there is a way to produce a
better flat-field frame than by using a uniform artificial light source and/or
flat dark frames taken at twilight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Instead of a series of exposures from the two aforementioned relatively
uniform light sources, they take a number of exposures of different areas of
the dark night sky whilst making sure that none of the exposures contain a
bright object.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A <i>median combine</i>
of those exposures is then done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since
disparate parts of the sky are being merged, any particular stellar object in a
frame will be removed by the median operation since it will not appear in other
frames.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proponents of this method say it
gives a more uniformly illuminated master flat-field frame than traditional
methods. (Brown 1)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
According to AIP4WIN’s built-in help documentation, a <i>normalized
median combine</i> is used when the only flat-field frames shot are dark flats
taken at twilight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this case, the
flat darks are scaled to produce a common average value and then median combined.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But once a master flat-field frame has been generated, how
does AIP4WIN apply it to the image during calibration?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the bias-removed dark frame has been
subtracted from the stellar image, an operation is done on each pixel in the
stellar image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This operation consists
of dividing the value of a stellar image pixel by a ratio that is equal to the
ADU value contained in the corresponding pixel in the flat-field frame by the
average pixel value of the central region of the flat field frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reason why the average of only the
central region is used rather than the average of the whole flat-field frame is
because it is assumed that the values at the outer edges of the field are going
to be consistently lower than central pixels due to vignetting and that
vignetting is part of what is to be eliminated. (Berry and Burnell 189)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Why does this procedure work?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the above-stated ratio were gotten from a
perfectly flat frame, then that ratio of the average value to the value of a
pixel would always be one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However,
because of vignetting, inhomogeneous pixel sensitivity, etc., a one value for
any pixel is seldom the case.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
instance of a pixel with low sensitivity or that is shaded by a dust particle
on the camera’s optical window, then the pixel value in the master flat will be
low.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus, the ratio for that pixel in
the flat frame will be greater than one and the value of the corresponding
pixel in the stellar image will be boosted upward to what it should be when it
is multiplied by the ratio. (Berry and Burnell 190)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the next instalment of this series of articles, I will
reveal the visual appearance of the master bias, dark and flat-field frames and how to
use the software to apply them for calibrating an astronomical image.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">References</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
AAVSO, <i>CCD
Camera Skills</i>, <a href="http://www.aavso.org/observing/programs/ccd/manual/3.shtml">http://www.aavso.org/observing/programs/ccd/manual/3.shtml</a>
(2009) <span lang="EN-AU">(last accessed November 2009)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Berry,
Richard and James Burnell, <i>Handbook of Astronomical Image Processing</i>,
(2006) Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, USA</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Brown,
Michael, <i>Flat Fielding Dithered Data</i>, <a href="http://www.ph.unimelb.edu.au/~mbrown/ccd/pfrancis/node14.html">http://www.ph.unimelb.edu.au/~mbrown/ccd/pfrancis/node14.html</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1996) <span lang="EN-AU">(last accessed November 2009)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Warner, Brian
D., <i>A Practical Guide to Light Curve Photometry and Analysis</i>, (2006)
Springer Science + Business Media, Inc, New York, New York, USA</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Copyright 2014 R.D.
Boozer</b></div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-50108707436877386282014-09-19T07:37:00.001-07:002014-09-25T09:57:11.051-07:00Major new endorsement for The Plundering of NASA: an Exposé<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Received this email from O. Glenn Smith (former manager of Space Shuttle systems engineering at NASA's Johnson Spaceflight Center):</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Hi Rick,<br />
<br />
<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="display: inline ! important; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">I just finished
reading your great book. Good going! We are really swimming
upstream, perhaps until the next election. If you have not seen
it, attached is one of my recent articles in Space News.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="display: inline ! important; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Glenn</span></span></span>"</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For those interested in reading the article of which Glenn spoke, here is a link: http://www.spacenews.com/article/opinion/40054human-space-exploration-the-way-forward#main-content</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is most gratifying when significant figures in the space community have complimentary things to say about my work.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Following are some of the other kudos received by me: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span>
"I hope you continue as a voice against pork at NASA"<br />
<b>Lori Garver</b><i>, </i>(former Deputy Administrator of NASA) commenting to the author about<i> The Plundering of NASA: an Exposé</i><br />
<br />
<i>"The <i>Plundering of NASA</i> offers an insightful analysis of the
agency's struggle with external forces tending to distort a clear,
long-term US vision for space exploration. In crisp and concise prose,
it calls into question NASA's current "flight plan" for reaching its
stated destination, and makes the case for using the game-changing
technologies needed for a truly sustainable and robust human exploration
of space. An enlightening read for those who are not in the field and
food for thought for those who are. "<b> </b></i><br />
<b>Dr, Franklin Chang-Diaz</b><i>, former Space Shuttle astronaut, CEO of <a href="http://www.adastrarocket.com/aarc/about-us" target="_blank">Ad Astra Rocket Company</a> and inventor of the <a href="http://www.adastrarocket.com/aarc/about-us" target="_blank">VASIMR</a> electric rocket drive</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>"</i><i>The author does an excellent job of exposing how a few individuals in
the legislative branch of our government are impeding the progress of
our space program. This is most evident with the Space Launch System, a
project to develop a heavy lift launch vehicle in the same class as the
Saturn V that sent astronauts to the moon. It is also true to a lesser
extent with the Orion spacecraft that is designed for human missions
beyond earth orbit. Both of these projects are based on flawed designs
(more on this later). Worse yet, these projects (especially the Space
Launch System) are consuming such a large portion of NASA's budget that
other vitally important work is not getting accomplished. Of course the
book's author is not the only one who has been pointing out these
things, but I was glad to see it laid out in detail in book form. I
hope that members of congress read this book and that it helps influence
legislative policy."</i><br />
<b>Gerald Black</b>, <i>40 year veteran aerospace engineer who worked on the ascent engine of the Apollo lunar lander for NASA</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
"<i>The Plundering of NASA: An Exposé</i> by R.D. Boozer is <b>the</b>
indispensable source for a wide range of information about the SLS
controversy and the machinations within NASA, the Congress, aerospace
companies and two Administrations that have left us in the terrible mess
we are in today. It is the most comprehensive single source for both
SLS-Orion program information and context. I have written several
articles about the SLS issue and found the book very valuable and
interesting."<br />
<b>John K Strickland, Jr.</b><br />
member <i>National Space Society</i> Board of Directors<br />
Advocate: <i>Space Frontier Foundation</i><br />
<br />Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-14907849869351933762014-09-18T10:11:00.000-07:002015-01-18T19:02:04.045-08:00Photometry with AIP4WIN: A Tutorial – Part 2 Bias and dark frames<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
By R.D. Boozer</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In this second part of the tutorial, I cover the first
process that I had to perform on data supplied by the University of Tasmania;
that is, the creation of a scalable master dark frame.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Before the images were calibrated, an optimum bias frame,
dark frame and flat-field frame needed to be generated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AIP4WIN has a utility for performing these
operations called the <b><i>Calibration Setup Tool</i></b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under the <b><i>Calibrate</i></b> menu, the <b>Setup</b>
option is picked to yield the dialogue box shown below.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwISCFtrDGoITcyAUcy-itqbzg-zJfKdxe9Xjwpr6GbomKCaERURZKanF00GXXJeAJcx50eRED8jZ-PGxJJuc1XtjP5ZDsn2Kq7fvhnLWqawEXspKhZrwYakVtcvJi0TYy4bqsy9rbEnI/s1600/Fig+3+-+Inital+calib+setup+dialog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwISCFtrDGoITcyAUcy-itqbzg-zJfKdxe9Xjwpr6GbomKCaERURZKanF00GXXJeAJcx50eRED8jZ-PGxJJuc1XtjP5ZDsn2Kq7fvhnLWqawEXspKhZrwYakVtcvJi0TYy4bqsy9rbEnI/s1600/Fig+3+-+Inital+calib+setup+dialog.jpg" height="320" width="121" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 1:</i>
The default appearance of the Calibration Setup Tool dialog box.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The dialogue box’s default setting is to follow the <b>Basic</b>
calibration protocol in which the only calibration file produced is a master
dark frame that is generated from multiple raw dark frames by either averaging
the raw frames pixel by corresponding pixel or by taking the median of those
pixels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This method will not bring the
background noise level down sufficiently to the degree needed for accurate
stellar photometry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A drop down list box
can be used to invoke more adequate options as shown in the next illustration.</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYrRdnS01tsL0tGJ44QMcNOOIqCsHNPy1nxD3HsMMb8vFQTzn5xdIQCPoLwLAWQSZptvvaIvMAbmyTz2DggFpaOVbxU2sojJXAtUq0CFlZSYuF9TOe_okLlV0gbeqBZbEn5Lt26XYBB7o/s1600/Fig+4+-Choosing+calib+protocol.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYrRdnS01tsL0tGJ44QMcNOOIqCsHNPy1nxD3HsMMb8vFQTzn5xdIQCPoLwLAWQSZptvvaIvMAbmyTz2DggFpaOVbxU2sojJXAtUq0CFlZSYuF9TOe_okLlV0gbeqBZbEn5Lt26XYBB7o/s1600/Fig+4+-Choosing+calib+protocol.jpg" height="320" width="121" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 2</i>:
Selection of a calibration protocol.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Two other options are presented in the drop down list
box.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <b>Standard</b> protocol will
automatically create a master dark frame from a series of raw dark frames and a
master flat-field frame from a series of raw flat-field frames, but does not
apply any bias frame compensation and thereby is not suitable for photometry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only option that is usable for
photometric purposes is the <b>Advanced</b> protocol which allows
everything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The following figure shows
the appearance of the dialogue box after the user chooses the advanced option.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRE3b81MHChnEZ_OBCqQfuSH-9bdDtmkZ8YGx6S5faJ0lwmqfuJO1uXkGq8QfDJ0Q_Yo2QO32rHoUV4Ik-G3Lz-8JXjhQJdAHWv1Zf9UJ7hpszf46SwLJLpnvUmVZQrcsLBPziFs919M0/s1600/Fig+5+-+Advanced+calib+bias.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRE3b81MHChnEZ_OBCqQfuSH-9bdDtmkZ8YGx6S5faJ0lwmqfuJO1uXkGq8QfDJ0Q_Yo2QO32rHoUV4Ik-G3Lz-8JXjhQJdAHWv1Zf9UJ7hpszf46SwLJLpnvUmVZQrcsLBPziFs919M0/s1600/Fig+5+-+Advanced+calib+bias.jpg" height="320" width="119" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 3:</i>
Selecting the type of bias compensation.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are four tabs offering different complementary
functionality in the dialog box: The <b>Bias</b> frame tab, the <b>Dark</b>
frame tab, the <b>Flat</b>-field frame tab, and the <b>Defect</b> frame
tab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under the first tab, three bias
related choices are offered: no bias subtraction at all, subtraction of a user
defined number of ADUs from each pixel (only of use if no bias frames are
available), or subtraction of either a raw or master bias frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since precision photometry is to be done, the
radio button for the third option marked <b>Use Bias Frame</b> is selected
followed by clicking the <b>Select Bias Frame(s)</b> button.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this point what is seen in the
illustration after this paragraph shows up.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1xKCU758SjJxJRHpyzZ4WvBdnLELLfrX9XToupw-xfNOqQvf27dwCO20X_yjMfpqIvDqG8SUhz0A3l-Pfvq_WFVskvSanF0NDy17TFTmDNupcyLbFGJ4x0fYKOSXtpXUqdyYcb6xN8U/s1600/Fig+6+-+Select+bias+frames.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1xKCU758SjJxJRHpyzZ4WvBdnLELLfrX9XToupw-xfNOqQvf27dwCO20X_yjMfpqIvDqG8SUhz0A3l-Pfvq_WFVskvSanF0NDy17TFTmDNupcyLbFGJ4x0fYKOSXtpXUqdyYcb6xN8U/s1600/Fig+6+-+Select+bias+frames.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 4:</i>
Selecting bias frames.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Since eleven bias frames were supplied, one master bias
frame will be made from all of them. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To
begin the process of making the master bias frame, the user highlights the
filenames and clicks the <b>Open</b> button.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This action brings the user back to the <b><i>Calibration Setup</i></b>
dialog box as it appears below.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIHSqdmOTcbItKanSuP7oVp1EMrFi177KigCtpuUN3zmqCEiyQW4y0aIrCL3JmQcbvBT7aTU0lW3aiobIoelJR2gBVb71inNqf895ltWddzT59NiHYJWC8jZf5fiXTYARN_9sFVbLx7Kg/s1600/Fig+7+-+Final+Bias+dialogue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIHSqdmOTcbItKanSuP7oVp1EMrFi177KigCtpuUN3zmqCEiyQW4y0aIrCL3JmQcbvBT7aTU0lW3aiobIoelJR2gBVb71inNqf895ltWddzT59NiHYJWC8jZf5fiXTYARN_9sFVbLx7Kg/s1600/Fig+7+-+Final+Bias+dialogue.jpg" height="320" width="118" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 5:</i>
Bias frames have been selected.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The reader will note that the dialogue box now indicates
that 11 raw bias frames have been loaded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At this point the user needs to decide how the raw bias frames are to be
combined into a master bias frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
pixels are averaged with their corresponding pixels in the other frames, the
readout noise typically decreases with the square root of the number of frames
averaged. (Berry and Burnell 169-170)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Given this fact, averaging as many bias frames as possible is usually the
best way to go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One exceptional case is
when the camera is being operated in an electrically noisy environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under such circumstances median combining of
the raw bias frames should be used because any large power spikes will manifest
themselves in a master bias frame that was obtained from an averaging
operation. (Berry and Burnell 170; AAVSO 3.2)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I did a visual check of the given raw bias frames that revealed
no indication of power line spiking, so I decided that averaging would be
used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clicking the <b>Average Combine</b>
radio button causes ADU values of corresponding pixels in the frames to be
automatically averaged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, the
user clicks the <b>Process Bias Frame(s)</b> button to create the master bias
frame and the view that follows is seen.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKBDbUsWnBmxygEUXL1Gt__nklbdTO1X3R4d0NlT8PVJqEtxzoM3P6RK748U4t-dHa0YaVO5HnoDqoKx1yHhMyoU7GgEM6VUJ6ZSXOz2wkLHx901hjc8CjBG29sC_FpnQqLCaf1JAxvHQ/s1600/Fig+8+-+Save+master+bias.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKBDbUsWnBmxygEUXL1Gt__nklbdTO1X3R4d0NlT8PVJqEtxzoM3P6RK748U4t-dHa0YaVO5HnoDqoKx1yHhMyoU7GgEM6VUJ6ZSXOz2wkLHx901hjc8CjBG29sC_FpnQqLCaf1JAxvHQ/s1600/Fig+8+-+Save+master+bias.jpg" height="320" width="121" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 6:</i>
The master bias frame may now be saved.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As soon as the processing has been completed, the <b>Save as
Master Bias</b> button becomes enabled so that the master bias frame can be
saved as a single file.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the master
bias frame is saved, it can be used in the future instead of going through the
bias frame combining process again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Notice the check box marked <b>Subtract Bias</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As long as that box is checked, AIP4WIN will
automatically subtract the master bias frame from any dark frame or image when
calibration occurs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the user decides
at any point that he/she does not want automatic subtraction of the master bias
frame to occur, the option may be unchecked.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now the master dark frame is to be created.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clicking the tab marked <b>Dark</b> will
start this operation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9H3YmXXuy6H4AdT08BG24_Ni0evAcZldoq5GbSIHuL0vtmaUW3Z95GLrMSJsUxyVdz2TVueIuwrgTHI5I0hyphenhyphen0HtG5LBDNdVV9OO84zn2WK1y2amjhWQaSuu0oClV1C6uuBzZk7wrC4e0/s1600/Fig+9+-+Initial+dark+frame+tab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9H3YmXXuy6H4AdT08BG24_Ni0evAcZldoq5GbSIHuL0vtmaUW3Z95GLrMSJsUxyVdz2TVueIuwrgTHI5I0hyphenhyphen0HtG5LBDNdVV9OO84zn2WK1y2amjhWQaSuu0oClV1C6uuBzZk7wrC4e0/s1600/Fig+9+-+Initial+dark+frame+tab.jpg" height="320" width="119" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 7:</i>
The default appearance of the Dark frame tab.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The creation of the master dark frame begins with clicking
the <b>Select Dark Frame(s)</b> button. Since the selection of the raw dark
frames that are to be combined is similar to the procedure followed for the
earlier described selection of raw bias frames, this operation will not be
pictorially illustrated.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Because a temperature-controlled camera was used, a master
dark frame was created using raw frame files that were not necessarily shot
near the same time as the research images, nor did they have the same
integration time as the research images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The standard technique (automatically done by the software) in this
situation is to:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1) Get the number of ADU counts per second for each pixel in
each frame by dividing the count of each pixel by the number of seconds of the
frame integration.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2) Produce the master frame by averaging ADU counts per second
per pixel (that were calculated in step 1) for every dark frame.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
After those two steps have been executed by the software,
the resultant master frame can then be scaled to calibrate any stellar image
exposure by multiplying the dark frame pixel values by the image integration
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Walker 29).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With AIP4WIN, the above series of steps is
chosen for automatic implementation when the user clicks the <b>Automatic Dark
Matching</b> radio button.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reader
should not be misled by the <b>Constant Dark Scaling</b> radio button, because
that option is only used when a user wants to use a raw dark frame as his
master and manually inputs a scaling factor for it in the input box below that
button.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ignore it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As was mentioned in Part 1 of this tutorial, raw dark frames
were supplied that had 5, 6, 35 and 180 second integration times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It should be mentioned that there seems to be
some disagreement about what frames to combine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One source I found says only raw dark frames that have a longer
integration time than the stellar images should be used to make the scaling
dark frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Berry and Burnell
174-176)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another source implies that all
scaling dark frames should be used. (Walker 29)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Using techniques that will be described shortly, I calibrated some
stellar images using each method and compared the signal-to-noise ratios of the
stars in the calibrated images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
decided to resolve the matter myself to my satisfaction by trying both methods
and examining the final fully-processed images yielded from each of these
methods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because I found that including <i>all</i>
of the dark frames in the making of the scaling master frame yielded <i>slightly</i>
improved SNRs (signal to noise ratios) compared to the other way, I chose that
method.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The next figure shows what is
seen after these files have been selected and the <b>Automatic Dark Matching</b>
radio button was chosen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this point,
the <b>Process Dark Frame(s)</b> radio button is clicked to indicate that a
scalable master dark frame is desired.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinXjqhZfTZcwTlVkT-aCx3um64Qt_k33kFIrMc6kda9KmRu7X7P8gU_ZnvHK3_NlOUUKApeCOqdhFkzPruibALbBJvZAGiIsZbUQ_vLM4socCzvviHGEfing_t5SCZTGz7wqgffwmIK0g/s1600/Fig+10+-+Automatic+dark+scaling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinXjqhZfTZcwTlVkT-aCx3um64Qt_k33kFIrMc6kda9KmRu7X7P8gU_ZnvHK3_NlOUUKApeCOqdhFkzPruibALbBJvZAGiIsZbUQ_vLM4socCzvviHGEfing_t5SCZTGz7wqgffwmIK0g/s1600/Fig+10+-+Automatic+dark+scaling.jpg" height="320" width="121" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 8:</i>
Dark frames of varying integration times have been chosen.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Clicking the <b>Process Dark Frame(s)</b> button will start
the process of automatically creating the scalable master dark frame via the
aforementioned process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dialogue box
will then look similar to what you see below.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgICbJwsWvPuXxWfG81jgSVX1m44ts4gcqt_FxBzhI3_vboDCsuMJAB0RGJsBxFvtKtoYzYgl4vbyLazzrwY7KZ-4sQF41PM4Z0xmSIUOKQY7Dhc8EW7KLrwQRoj8lR3BteSAbbkr9mWPY/s1600/Fig+11+-+Final+dark+frame+tab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgICbJwsWvPuXxWfG81jgSVX1m44ts4gcqt_FxBzhI3_vboDCsuMJAB0RGJsBxFvtKtoYzYgl4vbyLazzrwY7KZ-4sQF41PM4Z0xmSIUOKQY7Dhc8EW7KLrwQRoj8lR3BteSAbbkr9mWPY/s1600/Fig+11+-+Final+dark+frame+tab.jpg" height="320" width="120" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Figure 9:</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The newly created scalable dark frame can now
be saved.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The <b>Save Master Dark</b> button has become enabled and
should be used to save the scalable dark frame as a file for later use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <b>Subtract Dark Frame</b> check box was
automatically checked to indicate that, during the current run of the AIP4WIN
application, an image calibration would automatically scale the master dark
frame and apply it to the image after the master bias frame has been applied.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Part 3 will cover the creation of the scalable flat field
frame.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">References</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
AAVSO, <i>CCD
Camera Skills</i>, <a href="http://www.aavso.org/observing/programs/ccd/manual/3.shtml">http://www.aavso.org/observing/programs/ccd/manual/3.shtml</a>
(2009) <span lang="EN-AU">(last accessed November 2009)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Berry,
Richard and James Burnell, <i>Handbook of Astronomical Image Processing</i>,
(2006) Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, USA</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
Walker, E.
Norman, <i>CCD Photometry</i>, <a href="http://britastro.org/vss/ccd_photometry.htm">http://britastro.org/vss/ccd_photometry.htm</a>
(2007) <span lang="EN-AU">(last accessed November 2009)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Copyright 2014 R.D.
Boozer</b></div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-9800508704508410302014-09-10T14:50:00.000-07:002015-01-16T09:37:56.134-08:00Photometry with AIP4WIN: A Tutorial – Part 1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
By R.D. Boozer, MoA
in astrophysics</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The science of photometry can be used by both amateur
astronomers and professionals for some very advanced scientific work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can detect the light changes caused by
eclipsing binary stars, plot the changes in luminosity of a variable star and
even detect an exoplanet orbiting another star.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This tutorial will be your step-by-step guide on how to employ the
powerful Magnitude Measurement Tool that comes with the renowned astronomical
imaging software known as AIP4WIN by Richard Berry and Robert Burnell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Special thanks to Mr. Berry for giving me
permission to include screen images and extensive operating details from
AIP4WIN.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The proper equipment for this endeavor is as follows:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a telescope with an accurate tracking drive,
a sufficiently sensitive CCD or CMOS camera, and a computer with AIP4WIN
installed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AIP4WIN comes on a DVD
accompanying the book <a href="http://www.willbell.com/aip/Index.htm"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Handbook</i> of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Astronomical Image Processing</i></a> by the aforementioned Messrs.
Berry and Burnell.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<a href="http://www.willbell.com/aip/Index.htm" target="_blank">
</a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.willbell.com/aip/Index.htm" target="_blank"><img alt="Link to site of The Handbook of Astronomical Imaging" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8BzI-utf26R3QsB6-2SJ1fWb4bS_LqXS2GWtj5WQF5HZy8LxdHzlGW3c6C5hDjXxgFcyAgt8wO-pSdQD8FNvnAmhgQW-GVdXevqzflnBXwnMZWNf7iB-4X2emDa0Yg7O012VSjB2HOyY/s1600/bk_HAIP.jpg" height="315" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The instructions in this tutorial are most applicable to CCD
or CMOS imagers with precise temperature control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While almost all astronomical imagers have a
Peltier cooler built into them which significantly lowers the temperature of
the imaging chip to help eliminate electronic noise, many just cool the imager
a significant amount below the ambient air temperature without keeping the
temperature at a steady value.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
tutorial is mainly geared towards those imagers with precise temperature
control, though I will mention steps that users of imprecisely cooled cameras
must do to get really good results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
should be pointed out that the user of an imprecisely cooled camera will have
to do a good bit of extra work to obtain accurate results, but it will be worth
the effort.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Many thanks to Dr. Andrew Cole of the University of Tasmania
for giving me permission to use astronomical images shot of star Gliese 876 at
the university’s Canopus Hill observatory on July 24 of 2004.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Specifically, I am going to relate how I
conducted the photometry part of my research project in 2009 to obtain my Master's
degree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gliese 876 had already been
determined to have several exoplanets via Doppler technique.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The task assigned to me was to see if the
image data collected on the night in question showed a transit of the star by
one of these exoplanets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the transit
occurred, the star’s light would dim as it crossed in front of the star’s disk.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Such a transit was unlikely to be detected for two reasons:
1) the odds that the planet would have an orientation relative to Earth that
would cause it to pass in front of the star were very low and 2) weather
conditions were not optimal when the images were shot as there was some cloud
haze.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, in regard to the second
concern, the particular method chosen to photometrically measure the stars
brightness is capable of cancelling out much of the negative effects of
variation in brightness due to the ever changing cloud cover.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
AIP4WIN has a number of advanced automated features that
boost the efficiency of photometry related research to a very high level by
dispensing with much of the time consuming drudgery that normally is associated
with this type of research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The higher
level of automation should also decrease the likelihood of human induced error
during the collection and analysis of the photometric data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One note before we continue: what traditional
photographers refer to as “exposure time” (length of time that light is
acquired from the object being observed) will be referred to as “integration
time” as is common among astronomical professionals. I should also mention that the way one operates
the software mentioned in this tutorial has not changed since I obtained my
Master's degree (as of the time of the writing of this tutorial in 2014). Thus, the instructions in this tutorial are still
applicable as I write it. However, any changes to the software made in the future may not be reflected in the tutorial.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
None of the initial images had any processing done to
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, they were supplied with
support files that included bias frame files, dark frame files, and flat frame
files.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The assumption being that whoever
uses the images would calibrate them sufficiently by applying the support files
to obtain final images that were of a quality high enough to perform
photometric research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Immediately
following is a general discussion of the purpose of the support files.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Actual descriptions of how these frames were
used and illustrated depictions of them will be included later in this tutorial
within more specific discussion.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Bias frames</i> are images with no exposure time and no
actual light exposure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having no dark
current (because of the zero exposure time) and no light induced signal, they
show only the random noise produced by the CCD’s amplifier and any underlying
fixed pattern variation in base pixel ADU values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Berry and Burnell 124)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Dark frames</i> have an exposure time greater than zero,
but just as with bias frames no light is admitted into the camera during the so
called “exposure time”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, the
lack of light exposure for certain types of CCD frames is a good part of the
reason why the time during which the CCD is accumulating new pixel data is
often not referred to as an exposure time, but instead as an <i>integration
time</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As I mentioned earlier, this
tutorial will use the latter term.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dark
frames are used to remove quantum mechanical noise induced by the temperature
of the CCD chip. (Berry and Burnell 124)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The best kind of dark frame is one where a bias frame has been
subtracted from it on a pixel-by-pixel basis, so that amplifier noise and fixed
pattern bias has been removed from it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Specifics of how dark frames are created depend on the technique used to
cool the CCD detector described as follows.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Cooling the CCD detector helps to remove some of the
unwanted effects from thermal noise. Had the camera merely been imprecisely
cooled by some amount below ambient air temperature, the temperature of the CCD
would change from one image to the next as the ambient air temperature
changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This temperature change would
cause each image to have different amounts of thermal noise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In such situations it is necessary to shoot a
couple of dark frames before and after each main image exposure with the same
integration time as the main exposure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Those four dark frames would then be averaged to make a master dark
frame that can only be used for that one particular image. (Walker 28)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However the U of T images were shot with a CCD camera held
at a specific temperature for all exposures; therefore, only one set of dark
frames were supplied (all of them shot within a short time period before the
observation run was begun) because the constant temperature would have insured
the thermal noise would not change for the entire multi-exposure observing
session.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
None of the dark frames had exposure times that were equal
to the image exposure times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact,
dark frame integration times spanned a range of 5, 6, 35 and 180 seconds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When a precisely temperature controlled
camera is used, such a variety of dark frame exposures is standard procedure
and the supplied dark-frames are to be used to make one <i>scalable master dark
frame</i> that can be applied to <i>any</i> image <i>regardless of integration
time</i>. (Walker 29)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A description of
how and why this process works will be explained in due course.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Once a suitable bias-subtracted dark frame has been
produced, it is subtracted from the image frame on a pixel-by-pixel basis to
obtain a stellar image that contains very little equipment-derived noise.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Flat-field frames</i> are true light exposures, but are
not exposures of the image to be studied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These frames are used to counteract unwanted imaging artefacts due to
imperfections in the combined telescope/camera optical system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To produce a flat-field frame, light of
uniform intensity over its cross-sectional area is sent through the entire
optical system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this scenario, the
optical system must be assembled in the identical configuration under which it
will be used during observation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
flat frame will reveal such problems as vignetting in the outer frame of the
image, reduction of pixel sensitivity due to shadows of dust particles on the
camera’s optical window, uneven pixel sensitivity in the CCD sensor, etc.
(Berry and Burnell 180-181) Before the flat frame is used, it must be
calibrated with the bias and dark frames to remove noise generated by the
amplifier and thermal conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Forthcoming
will be instructions on how to shoot a flat frame and the mathematical
application of the flat frame to the subject image for removal of the effects
of the aforementioned artefacts (don’t worry, the software will do the
mathematics).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, instructions on
actual implementation of the above described steps will begin with the next
part of this tutorial.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">References</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Berry, Richard and James Burnell, <i>Handbook of
Astronomical Image Processing</i>, (2006) Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond,
Virginia, USA</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Walker, E. Norman, <i>CCD Photometry</i>, <a href="http://britastro.org/vss/ccd_photometry.htm">http://britastro.org/vss/ccd_photometry.htm</a>
(2007) <span lang="EN-AU">(last accessed November 2009)</span><br />
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Copyright 2014 R.D.
Boozer</b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-64660094855991091902014-06-25T13:23:00.001-07:002014-06-25T13:23:45.388-07:00Article about how SLS benefits RussiaFor those interested, my latest article for <i>The Space Review</i> is here:<a href="http://thespacereview.com/article/2532/1" target="_blank"> http://thespacereview.com/article/2532/1</a>Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-27748868080657754862014-06-16T07:37:00.000-07:002014-06-16T07:43:42.863-07:00Space Development Steering Committee's press release on Senator Shelby's "poison pill" for Commercial CrewFollowing is a press release written by SDSC chairman Howard Bloom concerning Senator Richard Shelby's proposal regarding Commercial Crew and Commercial Cargo. This release is a very good synopsis of the present situation. The only note I would add to it is that the 50% to 200% cost increase I mentioned did not originate with me but came from Henry Vanderbilt of the Space Access Society:<br />
<br />
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: white; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">America has a space gap and
Senator Richard Shelby (R, Ala.) wants to make it worse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shelby has inserted what the </span><a href="http://www.space-access.org/updates/sasalert060414.html"><span style="color: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Space Access Society</span></a><span style="color: white; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> calls<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“a poison pill” into a basic budget bill, the
Senate Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Fiscal Year 2015
Appropriations Bill. As Shelby puts it, he inserted language into the
appropriations bill “that provides greater accountability and budgetary
transparency in the commercial crew program and future commercial cargo
missions.” What are the “Commercial Crew and Commercial Cargo” program? The
Commercial Cargo program has purchased two flights of Orbital Sciences’ Cygnus
capsule, which delivers cargo to the International Space Station, then burns up
in the atmosphere, and four flights of Elon Musk’s Dragon Capsule, the only
American vehicle capable of taking fresh supplies to the International Space
Station and bring finished experiments and other used equipment back to earth.
Even more important is the Commercial Crew program.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since the Space Shuttle was retired in 2011,
America has been forced to send its astronauts to the International Space
Station on Russian Soyuz rockets and to pay Vladimir Putin’s space industry an
estimated total of four billion dollars for the privilege.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On May 29<sup>th</sup> in Hawthorne, CA,
SpaceX head Elon Musk unveiled a vehicle—his Dragon Capsule Version Two—that
can end our dependence on the Russians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In fact, the Dragon V2 can get us off the Russian hook as early as
2016.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Shelby is trying to slow
SpaceX down by a year or two, and make the ticket for a Dragon Capsule ride to
space as expensive as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelby’s trick?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wants to force SpaceX and other
non-military-industrial-complex providers to use the same accounting system used
by weapons contractors like Boeing and Lockheed Martin. That accounting
system—the infamous “cost-plus” system--demands an entire specialized
accounting department working full-time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s one of the reasons that plastic toilet seats for military airplanes
cost $1,300 each.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What’s Shelby’s
motive? Elon Musk’s Dragon capsule says the Space Access Society, “threatens to
undermine the justification for Senator Shelby's missionless and massively
wasteful hometown government mega-rocket project, SLS.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The SLS, the Space Launch System, is a giant
rocket based on 1970s Space Shuttle technology that some say will be too
expensive to fly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the SLS supports
6,000 Alabama jobs and brings $2.5 billion to Alabama.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 106%;">
<span style="color: white; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Space Development Steering
Committee member R.D. Boozer, author of The Plundering of NASA, estimates that
Shelby’s maneuver could increase costs of SpaceX and Orbital’s capsule flights
by 50% to 200%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, points out Boozer,
the last time an attempt was made to impose the burden of cost-plus accounting
on SpaceX, Elon Musk said he just might stop bidding for Commercial Cargo and
Commercial Crew contracts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This could
produce a problem. The Russians are charging us $71 million a seat to get
Americans into space on the Soyuz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>SpaceX intends to charge $20 million.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s a saving of a whopping 71%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">But a ticket on the SLS,
the rocket being developed in Shelby’s home state, will cost roughly $333
million per seat—nearly seventeen times as much as SpaceX’s price.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words, you could fly 15 crews—102
astronauts-- to the International Space Station on SpaceX Dragon V2s for the
price of flying just one crew of six astronauts on Shelby’s Space Launch
System.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What’s more, you’d be able to
fly a crew of astronauts on a Dragon V2 capsule in less than two years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you won’t be able to get an American,
astronaut or not, into space on the Alabama rocket, the Space Launch System,
for another eight years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Dragon V2 is a bird in the hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The SLS is a bird in the bush.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4844764895007564022.post-53431175131393507512014-06-16T04:40:00.001-07:002014-06-16T05:58:47.237-07:00Former Space Shuttle astronaut formally endorses my book: The Plundering of NASA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The <i>Plundering of NASA</i>
offers an insightful analysis of the agency’s struggle with external forces
tending to distort a clear, long-term US vision for space exploration. In crisp
and concise prose, R.D. Boozer calls into question NASA’s current “flight plan”
for reaching its stated destination, and makes the case for recasting that plan
in the crucible of the game-changing technologies needed for a truly
sustainable and robust human exploration of space. An enlightening read for
those who are not in the field and food for thought for those who are.
<br />
</span><br />
<center>
<span style="color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Plundering-NASA-Expos%C3%A9-R-D-Boozer-ebook/dp/B00CQQ3MQK/ref=sr_1_1_title_0_main?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1391135720&sr=1-1&keywords=plundering+of+nasa" target="_blank"> <img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWQDAmJpwNFI7V7TCr-S8FQXP4SzuQhiFbmtTFWPthDXcIRG6QZCSiVzoG4a65EQqw1s3xatZLjhvMGut6B1tazAnyRiaXLxvBcXUSP06SGzqzb3K0nlX0K5GFEnOFXkBM2goBp1yuM8I/s320/Copyright+ebook+cover.jpg" /></a></span></center>
<span style="color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Franklin Chang Díaz</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Houston, June 12, 2014</span></div>
Rick Boozerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08417024297269996730noreply@blogger.com0